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Metazoan evolution of glutamate receptors reveals unreported phylogenetic groups and divergent lineage-specific events.

eLife | 2018

Glutamate receptors are divided in two unrelated families: ionotropic (iGluR), driving synaptic transmission, and metabotropic (mGluR), which modulate synaptic strength. The present classification of GluRs is based on vertebrate proteins and has remained unchanged for over two decades. Here we report an exhaustive phylogenetic study of GluRs in metazoans. Importantly, we demonstrate that GluRs have followed different evolutionary histories in separated animal lineages. Our analysis reveals that the present organization of iGluRs into six classes does not capture the full complexity of their evolution. Instead, we propose an organization into four subfamilies and ten classes, four of which have never been previously described. Furthermore, we report a sister class to mGluR classes I-III, class IV. We show that many unreported proteins are expressed in the nervous system, and that new Epsilon receptors form functional ligand-gated ion channels. We propose an updated classification of glutamate receptors that includes our findings.

Pubmed ID: 30465522 RIS Download

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


Covance (tool)

RRID:SCR_001224

A contract research organization providing drug development and animal testing services. Under the name Covance Research Products Inc., based in Denver, Pennsylvania, the company also deals in the import, breeding and sale of laboratory animals. It breeds dogs, rabbits, guinea pigs, non-human primates, and pigs, and runs the largest non-human primate laboratory in Germany. (Wikipedia)

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BLASTX (tool)

RRID:SCR_001653

Web application to search protein databases using a translated nucleotide query. Translated BLAST services are useful when trying to find homologous proteins to a nucleotide coding region. Blastx compares translational products of the nucleotide query sequence to a protein database. Because blastx translates the query sequence in all six reading frames and provides combined significance statistics for hits to different frames, it is particularly useful when the reading frame of the query sequence is unknown or it contains errors that may lead to frame shifts or other coding errors. Thus blastx is often the first analysis performed with a newly determined nucleotide sequence and is used extensively in analyzing EST sequences. This search is more sensitive than nucleotide blast since the comparison is performed at the protein level.

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ATCC (tool)

RRID:SCR_001672

Global nonprofit biological resource center (BRC) and research organization that provides biological products, technical services and educational programs to private industry, government and academic organizations. Its mission is to acquire, authenticate, preserve, develop and distribute biological materials, information, technology, intellectual property and standards for the advancement and application of scientific knowledge. The primary purpose of ATCC is to use its resources and experience as a BRC to become the world leader in standard biological reference materials management, intellectual property resource management and translational research as applied to biomaterial development, standardization and certification. ATCC characterizes cell lines, bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa, as well as develops and evaluates assays and techniques for validating research resources and preserving and distributing biological materials to the public and private sector research communities.

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Addgene (tool)

RRID:SCR_002037

Non-profit plasmid repository dedicated to helping scientists around the world share high-quality plasmids. Facilitates archiving and distributing DNA-based research reagents and associated data to scientists worldwide. Repository contains over 65,000 plasmids, including special collections on CRISPR, fluorescent proteins, and ready-to-use viral preparations. There is no cost for scientists to deposit plasmids, which saves time and money associated with shipping plasmids themselves. All plasmids are fully sequenced for validation and sequencing data is openly available. We handle the appropriate Material Transfer Agreements (MTA) with institutions, facilitating open exchange and offering intellectual property and liability protection for depositing scientists. Furthermore, we curate free educational resources for the scientific community including a blog, eBooks, video protocols, and detailed molecular biology resources.

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FigTree (tool)

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pClamp (tool)

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Software suite for electrophysiology data acquisition and analysis by Molecular Devices. Used for the control and recording of voltage clamp, current clamp, and patch clamp experiments. The software suite consists of Clampex 11 Software for data acquisition, AxoScope 11 Software for background recording, Clampfit 11 Software for data analysis, and optional Clampfit Advanced Analysis Module for sophisticated and streamlined analysis.

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MUSCLE (tool)

RRID:SCR_011812

Multiple sequence alignment method with reduced time and space complexity.Multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Data analysis service for multiple sequence comparison by log- expectation.

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TBLASTN (tool)

RRID:SCR_011822

Tool to search translated nucleotide databases using a protein query.

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MrBayes (tool)

RRID:SCR_012067

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE.Documented on February 28,2023. Software program for Bayesian inference and model choice across a wide range of phylogenetic and evolutionary models.

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ProtTest (tool)

RRID:SCR_014628

Web-based software used for the selection of best-fit models of protein evolution.

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Anti-Glutamate Receptor 2, extracellular, clone 6C4 (antibody)

RRID:AB_2113875

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Fiji (software resource)

RRID:SCR_002285

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CIPRES Science Gateway (data or information resource)

RRID:SCR_008439

This database is a public resource for inference of large phylogenetic trees. It is designed to provide all researchers with access to large computational resources of the NSF TeraGrid through a simple browser interface. The CIPRES Science Gateway provides new hybrid parallel versions of RAxML (7.2.7) and MrBayes (3.1.2), as well as parallel GARLI (1.0) code to insure the fastest possible run times for submitted jobs. Through a collaboration with Alexandros Stamatakis and Wayne Pfeiffer, they now offer the fastest hybrid versions of RAxML and MrBayes currently available. Sponsors: The CIPRES project is a multi-site collaboration funded by the NSF Information Technology Research (ITR) program grant entitled BUILDING THE TREE OF LIFE: A National Resource for Phyloinformatics and Computational Phylogenetics.

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NeuroMatic (software resource)

RRID:SCR_004186

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HEK293T (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0063

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Anti-Glutamate Receptor 2, extracellular, clone 6C4 (antibody)

RRID:AB_2113875

This monoclonal targets Glutamate Receptor 2 (GluR2), aa175-430

View all literature mentions

NeuroMatic (software resource)

RRID:SCR_004186

NeuroMatic is a collection of Igor Pro functions for analyzing electrophysiological data. By allowing users to organize their data into Sets and Groups, NeuroMatic makes it relatively easy to compute transformations and statistical analyses on their data, including scaling, alignment averaging, baseline subtraction, spike detection, stationarity analysis, rise-time computations, etc. Being open source and modular designed, NeuroMatic also allows users to develop their own analysis functions that can be easily incorporated into NeuroMatic's framework. Note, if you have reached this page in search of a freeware tool for neuronal reconstructions, you are more likely to be interested in Neuromantic, a software package that sounds like NeuroMatic, but is not quite the same. Features of NeuroMatic Include * Sorting, Scaling, Averaging, Interpolation * Max / Min / Mean / Level / Rise Time / FWHM / Slope Measurements * Stability / Stationarity Analysis * Event Detection * Waveform Template Matching * Spike Raster Plots * Interspike-Interval and Peri-Stimulus Time (PST) Histograms * Compact Easy-to-Use Interface * Modular design as a basis for your own procedures * Extra space for your own buttons and controls * Import functions for Axograph and Pclamp data * Automatic macro generation for batch processing Supporting Agencies: MRC, Wellcome Trust Spike, Event, Fit, NClamp, Acquisition, spike train, EPSP, IPSP, IPSC, EPSC

View all literature mentions

Anti-Glutamate Receptor 2, extracellular, clone 6C4 (antibody)

RRID:AB_2113875

This monoclonal targets Glutamate Receptor 2 (GluR2), aa175-430

View all literature mentions

HEK293T (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0063

Cell line HEK293T is a Transformed cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)

View all literature mentions

MolProbity (web application)

RRID:SCR_014226

A structure-validation web application which provides an expert-system consultation about the accuracy of a macromolecular structure model, diagnosing local problems and enabling their correction. MolProbity works best as an active validation tool (used as soon as a model is available and during each rebuild/refine loop) and when used for protein and RNA crystal structures, but it may also work well for DNA, ligands and NMR ensembles. It produces coordinates, graphics, and numerical evaluations that integrate with either manual or automated use in systems such as PHENIX, KiNG, or Coot.

View all literature mentions

CIPRES Science Gateway (data or information resource)

RRID:SCR_008439

This database is a public resource for inference of large phylogenetic trees. It is designed to provide all researchers with access to large computational resources of the NSF TeraGrid through a simple browser interface. The CIPRES Science Gateway provides new hybrid parallel versions of RAxML (7.2.7) and MrBayes (3.1.2), as well as parallel GARLI (1.0) code to insure the fastest possible run times for submitted jobs. Through a collaboration with Alexandros Stamatakis and Wayne Pfeiffer, they now offer the fastest hybrid versions of RAxML and MrBayes currently available. Sponsors: The CIPRES project is a multi-site collaboration funded by the NSF Information Technology Research (ITR) program grant entitled BUILDING THE TREE OF LIFE: A National Resource for Phyloinformatics and Computational Phylogenetics.

View all literature mentions