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Metabolic plasticity has been linked to polarized macrophage function, but mechanisms connecting specific fuels to tissue macrophage function remain unresolved. Here we apply a stable isotope tracing, mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics approach to reveal the metabolome penetrated by hepatocyte-derived glucose and ketone bodies. In both classically and alternatively polarized macrophages, [13C]acetoacetate (AcAc) labeled ∼200 chemical features, but its reduced form D-[13C]β-hydroxybutyrate (D-βOHB) labeled almost none. [13C]glucose labeled ∼500 features, and while unlabeled AcAc competed with only ∼15% of them, the vast majority required the mitochondrial enzyme succinyl-coenzyme A-oxoacid transferase (SCOT). AcAc carbon labeled metabolites within the cytoplasmic glycosaminoglycan pathway, which regulates tissue fibrogenesis. Accordingly, livers of mice lacking SCOT in macrophages were predisposed to accelerated fibrogenesis. Exogenous AcAc, but not D-βOHB, ameliorated diet-induced hepatic fibrosis. These data support a hepatocyte-macrophage ketone shuttle that segregates AcAc from D-βOHB, coordinating the fibrogenic response to hepatic injury via mitochondrial metabolism in tissue macrophages.
Pubmed ID: 30449686 RIS Download
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THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on May 5,2022.Tool that predicts interactions between transcription factors and their regulated genes from binding motifs. Understanding vertebrate development requires unraveling the cis-regulatory architecture of gene regulation. PRISM provides accurate genome-wide computational predictions of transcription factor binding sites for the human and mouse genomes, and integrates the predictions with GREAT to provide functional biological context. Together, accurate computational binding site prediction and GREAT produce for each transcription factor: 1. putative binding sites, 2. putative target genes, 3. putative biological roles of the transcription factor, and 4. putative cis-regulatory elements through which the factor regulates each target in each functional role.
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets HMGCS2
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View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets IgG
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets OXCT1
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets IgG (H+L)
View all literature mentionsOpen source Java based image processing software program designed for scientific multidimensional images. ImageJ has been transformed to ImageJ2 application to improve data engine to be sufficient to analyze modern datasets.
View all literature mentionsSoftware tool for fast and high throughput alignment of shotgun cDNA sequencing reads generated by transcriptomics technologies. Fast splice junction mapper for RNA-Seq reads. Aligns RNA-Seq reads to mammalian-sized genomes using ultra high-throughput short read aligner Bowtie, and then analyzes mapping results to identify splice junctions between exons.TopHat2 is accurate alignment of transcriptomes in presence of insertions, deletions and gene fusions.
View all literature mentionsSoftware program for overrepresentation (enrichment) analysis of categorical annotations for a set of compounds. These categorical annotations correspond to biological and chemical information found in public databases and software. Annotations can be biological (pathways, enzyme interactions, pharmacological action) or chemical (taxonomy and chemical groups).
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name C57BL/6J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsA collection of Pathway/Genome Databases which describes the genome and metabolic pathways of a single organism. The BioCyc collection of Pathway/Genome Databases (PGDBs) provides an electronic reference source on the genomes and metabolic pathways of sequenced organisms. BioCyc PGDBs are generated by software that predicts the metabolic pathway complements of completely sequenced organisms from their genome sequences. They also include the results of a number of other computational inference procedures applied to these genomes, including predictions of which genes code for missing enzymes in metabolic pathways, and predicted operons. The BioCyc Web site provides a suite of software tools for database searching and visualization, for omics data analysis, and for comparative genomics and comparative pathway questions. The databases within the BioCyc collection are organized into tiers according to the amount of manual review and updating they have received. Tier 1 PGDBs have been created through intensive manual efforts, and receive continuous updating. Tier 2 PGDBs were computationally generated by the PathoLogic program, and have undergone moderate amounts of review and updating. Tier 3 PGDBs were computationally generated by the PathoLogic program, and have undergone no review and updating. There are 967 DBs in Tier 3. The downloadable version of BioCyc that includes the Pathway Tools software provides more speed and power than the BioCyc Web site.
View all literature mentionsStatistical analysis software that combines scientific graphing, comprehensive curve fitting (nonlinear regression), understandable statistics, and data organization. Designed for biological research applications in pharmacology, physiology, and other biological fields for data analysis, hypothesis testing, and modeling.
View all literature mentionsA public repository of metabolite information as well as tandem mass spectrometry data is provided to facilitate metabolomics experiments. It contains structures and represents a data management system designed to assist in a broad array of metabolite research and metabolite identification. An annotated list of known metabolites and their mass, chemical formula, and structure are available. Each metabolite is linked to outside resources for further reference and inquiry. MS/MS data is also available on many of the metabolites.
View all literature mentionsCloud-based mass spectrometry data processing platform for metabolomics and lipidomics.
View all literature mentionsA software which acquires and processes data sets, primarily through the Xcalibur system.
View all literature mentionsIntegrated database resource consisting of 16 main databases, broadly categorized into systems information, genomic information, and chemical information. In particular, gene catalogs in completely sequenced genomes are linked to higher-level systemic functions of cell, organism, and ecosystem. Analysis tools are also available. KEGG may be used as reference knowledge base for biological interpretation of large-scale datasets generated by sequencing and other high-throughput experimental technologies.
View all literature mentionsSoftware used for Bio-Rad imaging systems to acquire, quantitate, and analyze a variety of data. The software allows automatic configuration of imaging systems with appropriate filters, lasers, LEDs, and other illumination sources. It also contains tools for automated analysis of tests and assays such as 1-D electrophoretic gels, western blots, and colony counts.
View all literature mentionsSoftware tool for transcriptome assembly and differential expression analysis for RNA-Seq. Includes script called cuffmerge that can be used to merge together several Cufflinks assemblies. It also handles running Cuffcompare as well as automatically filtering a number of transfrags that are likely to be artifacts. If the researcher has a reference GTF file, the researcher can provide it to the script to more effectively merge novel isoforms and maximize overall assembly quality.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name C57BL/6J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal secondary targets IgG (H+L)
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets IgG (H+L)
View all literature mentionsA public repository of metabolite information as well as tandem mass spectrometry data is provided to facilitate metabolomics experiments. It contains structures and represents a data management system designed to assist in a broad array of metabolite research and metabolite identification. An annotated list of known metabolites and their mass, chemical formula, and structure are available. Each metabolite is linked to outside resources for further reference and inquiry. MS/MS data is also available on many of the metabolites.
View all literature mentionsA software which acquires and processes data sets, primarily through the Xcalibur system.
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets IgG
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets HMGCS2
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets Actin
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets OXCT1
View all literature mentionsSoftware used for Bio-Rad imaging systems to acquire, quantitate, and analyze a variety of data. The software allows automatic configuration of imaging systems with appropriate filters, lasers, LEDs, and other illumination sources. It also contains tools for automated analysis of tests and assays such as 1-D electrophoretic gels, western blots, and colony counts.
View all literature mentionsSoftware tool for transcriptome assembly and differential expression analysis for RNA-Seq. Includes script called cuffmerge that can be used to merge together several Cufflinks assemblies. It also handles running Cuffcompare as well as automatically filtering a number of transfrags that are likely to be artifacts. If the researcher has a reference GTF file, the researcher can provide it to the script to more effectively merge novel isoforms and maximize overall assembly quality.
View all literature mentionsSoftware tool for fast and high throughput alignment of shotgun cDNA sequencing reads generated by transcriptomics technologies. Fast splice junction mapper for RNA-Seq reads. Aligns RNA-Seq reads to mammalian-sized genomes using ultra high-throughput short read aligner Bowtie, and then analyzes mapping results to identify splice junctions between exons.TopHat2 is accurate alignment of transcriptomes in presence of insertions, deletions and gene fusions.
View all literature mentionsSoftware program for overrepresentation (enrichment) analysis of categorical annotations for a set of compounds. These categorical annotations correspond to biological and chemical information found in public databases and software. Annotations can be biological (pathways, enzyme interactions, pharmacological action) or chemical (taxonomy and chemical groups).
View all literature mentionsCloud-based mass spectrometry data processing platform for metabolomics and lipidomics.
View all literature mentionsA collection of Pathway/Genome Databases which describes the genome and metabolic pathways of a single organism. The BioCyc collection of Pathway/Genome Databases (PGDBs) provides an electronic reference source on the genomes and metabolic pathways of sequenced organisms. BioCyc PGDBs are generated by software that predicts the metabolic pathway complements of completely sequenced organisms from their genome sequences. They also include the results of a number of other computational inference procedures applied to these genomes, including predictions of which genes code for missing enzymes in metabolic pathways, and predicted operons. The BioCyc Web site provides a suite of software tools for database searching and visualization, for omics data analysis, and for comparative genomics and comparative pathway questions. The databases within the BioCyc collection are organized into tiers according to the amount of manual review and updating they have received. Tier 1 PGDBs have been created through intensive manual efforts, and receive continuous updating. Tier 2 PGDBs were computationally generated by the PathoLogic program, and have undergone moderate amounts of review and updating. Tier 3 PGDBs were computationally generated by the PathoLogic program, and have undergone no review and updating. There are 967 DBs in Tier 3. The downloadable version of BioCyc that includes the Pathway Tools software provides more speed and power than the BioCyc Web site.
View all literature mentionsIntegrated database resource consisting of 16 main databases, broadly categorized into systems information, genomic information, and chemical information. In particular, gene catalogs in completely sequenced genomes are linked to higher-level systemic functions of cell, organism, and ecosystem. Analysis tools are also available. KEGG may be used as reference knowledge base for biological interpretation of large-scale datasets generated by sequencing and other high-throughput experimental technologies.
View all literature mentionsOpen source Java based image processing software program designed for scientific multidimensional images. ImageJ has been transformed to ImageJ2 application to improve data engine to be sufficient to analyze modern datasets.
View all literature mentionsStatistical analysis software that combines scientific graphing, comprehensive curve fitting (nonlinear regression), understandable statistics, and data organization. Designed for biological research applications in pharmacology, physiology, and other biological fields for data analysis, hypothesis testing, and modeling.
View all literature mentionsThe SciCrunch Infrastructure was developed as a cooperative data platform to be used by diverse communities in making data more FAIR.
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