Layering of neural circuits facilitates the separation of neurons with high spatial sensitivity from those that play integrative temporal roles. Although anatomical layers are readily identifiable in the brain, layering is not structurally obvious in the spinal cord. But computational studies of motor behaviors have led to the concept of layered processing in the spinal cord. It has been postulated that spinal V3 interneurons (INs) play multiple roles in locomotion, leading us to investigate whether they form layered microcircuits. Using patch-clamp recordings in combination with holographic glutamate uncaging, we demonstrate focal, layered modules, in which ventromedial V3 INs form synapses with one another and with ventrolateral V3 INs, which in turn form synapses with ipsilateral motoneurons. Motoneurons, in turn, provide recurrent excitatory, glutamatergic input to V3 INs. Thus, ventral V3 interneurons form layered microcircuits that could function to ensure well-timed, spatially specific movements.
Pubmed ID: 30282024 RIS Download
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A sweep-based data acquisition and analysis software package. Its uses range from a simple storage oscilloscope to complex applications requiring stimulus generation, data capture, control of external equipment and custom analysis. A built-in script language automates tasks and provides additional tools for custom analyses and applications. Signal includes functions for specific application areas, including dynamic clamp, whole cell and patch clamp electrophysiology, and evoked response including control of magnetic and other stimulus devices. Video tutorials and a demo version of Signal is available on the main page.
View all literature mentionsDigital microscopy software for research microscopy. It comes standard with drivers to control numerous instruments in and around the microscope. When online, data is acquired in a native-3D format over time, color and specimen locations in customizable experiment protocols. Data can be analyzed by a wide variety of tools for image processing including mathematical operations, statistics functions, analysis scripting and import to/export from MATLAB. Additional modules are available for special applications ranging from deconvolution to photomanipulation to multiphoton.
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets Lucifer Yellow
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets Choline Acetyltransferase
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets DsRed
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name B6.Cg-Gt(ROSA)26Sortm14(CAG-tdTomato)Hze/J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsStatistical analysis and scientific graphing software for Windows OS.
View all literature mentionsUser interface software for Carl Zeiss light microscopy imaging systems. ZEN is the universal user interface you will see on every imaging system from ZEISS. After selecting fluorophore, ZEN applies the necessary settings to collect and organize data.
View all literature mentionsDigital microscopy software for research microscopy. It comes standard with drivers to control numerous instruments in and around the microscope. When online, data is acquired in a native-3D format over time, color and specimen locations in customizable experiment protocols. Data can be analyzed by a wide variety of tools for image processing including mathematical operations, statistics functions, analysis scripting and import to/export from MATLAB. Additional modules are available for special applications ranging from deconvolution to photomanipulation to multiphoton.
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets Lucifer Yellow
View all literature mentionsStatistical analysis and scientific graphing software for Windows OS.
View all literature mentionsUser interface software for Carl Zeiss light microscopy imaging systems. ZEN is the universal user interface you will see on every imaging system from ZEISS. After selecting fluorophore, ZEN applies the necessary settings to collect and organize data.
View all literature mentionsDigital microscopy software for research microscopy. It comes standard with drivers to control numerous instruments in and around the microscope. When online, data is acquired in a native-3D format over time, color and specimen locations in customizable experiment protocols. Data can be analyzed by a wide variety of tools for image processing including mathematical operations, statistics functions, analysis scripting and import to/export from MATLAB. Additional modules are available for special applications ranging from deconvolution to photomanipulation to multiphoton.
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets Lucifer Yellow
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets Choline Acetyltransferase
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets DsRed
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name B6.Cg-Gt(ROSA)26Sortm14(CAG-tdTomato)Hze/J from IMSR.
View all literature mentions