Neocortical expansion, thought to underlie the cognitive traits unique to humans, is accompanied by cortical folding. This folding starts around gestational week (GW) 20, but what causes it remains largely unknown. Extracellular matrix (ECM) has been previously implicated in neocortical expansion and here we investigate the potential role of ECM in the formation of neocortical folds. We focus on three specific ECM components localized in the human fetal cortical plate (CP): hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1), lumican and collagen I (collectively, HLC). Addition of HLC to cultures of human fetal neocortex (11-22 GW) caused local changes in tissue stiffness, induced CP folding, increased CP hyaluronic acid (HA), and required the HA-receptor CD168 and downstream ERK signaling. Importantly, loss of HA reduced HLC-induced and 22 GW physiological nascent folds. This was altered in samples with neurodevelopmental disorders, indicating it may be a useful system to study such disorders.
Pubmed ID: 30078576 RIS Download
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Collection of human embryonic and fetal material (Tissue and RNA) ranging from 3 to 20 weeks of development available to the international scientific community. Material can either be sent to registered users or our In House Gene Expression Service (IHGES) can carry out projects on user''''s behalf, providing high quality images and interpretation of gene expression patterns. Gene expression data emerging from HDBR material is added to our gene expression database which is accessible via our HUDSEN (Human Developmental Studies Network) website. A significant proportion of the material has been cytogenetically karyotyped, and normal karyotyped material is provided for research.
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