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Germ layer-specific regulation of cell polarity and adhesion gives insight into the evolution of mesoderm.

eLife | 2018

In triploblastic animals, Par-proteins regulate cell-polarity and adherens junctions of both ectodermal and endodermal epithelia. But, in embryos of the diploblastic cnidarian Nematostella vectensis, Par-proteins are degraded in all cells in the bifunctional gastrodermal epithelium. Using immunohistochemistry, CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis, and mRNA overexpression, we describe the functional association between Par-proteins, ß-catenin, and snail transcription factor genes in N. vectensis embryos. We demonstrate that the aPKC/Par complex regulates the localization of ß-catenin in the ectoderm by stabilizing its role in cell-adhesion, and that endomesodermal epithelial cells are organized by a different cell-adhesion system than overlying ectoderm. We also show that ectopic expression of snail genes, which are expressed in mesodermal derivatives in bilaterians, is sufficient to downregulate Par-proteins and translocate ß-catenin from the junctions to the cytoplasm in ectodermal cells. These data provide molecular insight into the evolution of epithelial structure and distinct cell behaviors in metazoan embryos.

Pubmed ID: 30063005 RIS Download

Associated grants

  • Agency: NIH HHS, United States
    Id: GM093116
  • Agency: National Science Foundation, International
    Id: IOS-1755364
  • Agency: NASA, United States
    Id: 16-EXO16_2-0041
  • Agency: Synthego, International
    Id: Grants

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RRID:SCR_005153

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