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EZH2-Mediated Primary Cilium Deconstruction Drives Metastatic Melanoma Formation.

Cancer cell | 2018

Human melanomas frequently harbor amplifications of EZH2. However, the contribution of EZH2 to melanoma formation has remained elusive. Taking advantage of murine melanoma models, we show that EZH2 drives tumorigenesis from benign BrafV600E- or NrasQ61K-expressing melanocytes by silencing of genes relevant for the integrity of the primary cilium, a signaling organelle projecting from the surface of vertebrate cells. Consequently, gain of EZH2 promotes loss of primary cilia in benign melanocytic lesions. In contrast, blockade of EZH2 activity evokes ciliogenesis and cilia-dependent growth inhibition in malignant melanoma. Finally, we demonstrate that loss of cilia enhances pro-tumorigenic WNT/β-catenin signaling, and is itself sufficient to drive metastatic melanoma in benign cells. Thus, primary cilia deconstruction is a key process in EZH2-driven melanomagenesis.

Pubmed ID: 30008323 RIS Download

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


MelanA antibody [A103] (antibody)

RRID:AB_306135

This monoclonal targets MelanA

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Donkey Anti-Chicken IgY Polyclonal antibody, Biotin Conjugated (antibody)

RRID:AB_92675

This polyclonal targets Donkey anti-Chicken IgY biotin conjugate Species Adsorbed: H M R B Gt Gp Eq Rb Sh

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Normal Rabbit IgG (antibody)

RRID:AB_1031062

This isotype control targets not applicable

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Sox-10 (N-20) (antibody)

RRID:AB_2195374

This unknown targets Raised against peptide mapping to N-terminus of sox-10 of human origin

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Purified anti-mouse Ki-67 (antibody)

RRID:AB_11204254

This monoclonal targets Ki-67

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H3K27me3-human (antibody)

RRID:AB_2616029

This unknown targets H3K27me3

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Anti-Green Fluorescent Protein Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_10000240

This polyclonal targets Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)

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EZH2-human (antibody)

RRID:AB_10694683

This unknown targets EZH2

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TRP2 (D-18) (antibody)

RRID:AB_793582

This polyclonal targets TRP2 (D-18)

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Non-phospho (Active) β-Catenin (Ser33/37/Thr41) (D13A1) Rabbit mAb (antibody)

RRID:AB_11127203

This unknown targets Non-phospho (Active) β-Catenin (Ser33/37/Thr41) (D13A1) Rabbit mAb

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beta-catenin (H-102) (antibody)

RRID:AB_634603

This polyclonal targets CTNNB1

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ARL13B antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2060867

This polyclonal targets ARL13B

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Acetylated Tubulin (antibody)

RRID:AB_609894

This monoclonal targets derived from the hybridoma 6-11B-1 produced by the fusion of mouse myeloma cells and splenocytes from a mouse immunized with acetylated tubulin from the outer arm of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (sea urchin).

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Trimmomatic (data processing software)

RRID:SCR_011848

Software Java pipeline for trimming tasks for Illumina paired end and single ended data. Flexible Trimmer for Illumina Sequence Data. Pair aware preprocessing tool optimized for Illumina next generation sequencing data. Includes several processing steps for read trimming and filtering. Operating systems Unix/Linux, Mac OS, Windows.

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UCSC Genome Browser (data or information resource)

RRID:SCR_005780

Portal to interactively visualize genomic data. Provides reference sequences and working draft assemblies for collection of genomes and access to ENCODE and Neanderthal projects. Includes collection of vertebrate and model organism assemblies and annotations, along with suite of tools for viewing, analyzing and downloading data.

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STAR (software resource)

RRID:SCR_015899

Software performing alignment of high-throughput RNA-seq data. Aligns RNA-seq reads to reference genome using uncompressed suffix arrays.

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GenomicRanges (software resource)

RRID:SCR_000025

Software package that defines general purpose containers for storing genomic intervals as well as more specialized containers for storing alignments against a reference genome.

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edgeR (software resource)

RRID:SCR_012802

Bioconductor software package for Empirical analysis of Digital Gene Expression data in R. Used for differential expression analysis of RNA-seq and digital gene expression data with biological replication.

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R Project for Statistical Computing (software resource)

RRID:SCR_001905

Software environment and programming language for statistical computing and graphics. R is integrated suite of software facilities for data manipulation, calculation and graphical display. Can be extended via packages. Some packages are supplied with the R distribution and more are available through CRAN family.It compiles and runs on wide variety of UNIX platforms, Windows and MacOS.

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Primer-BLAST (service resource)

RRID:SCR_003095

A tool to design target-specific primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It uses Primer3 to design PCR primers and then uses BLAST and global alignment algorithm to screen primers against user-selected database in order to avoid primer pairs (all combinations including forward-reverse primer pair, forward-forward as well as reverse-reverse pairs) that can cause non-specific amplifications.

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PANTHER (data analysis service)

RRID:SCR_015893

System that classifies genes by their functions, using published scientific experimental evidence and evolutionary relationships to predict function even in absence of direct experimental evidence. Orthologs view is curated orthology relationships between genes for human, mouse, rat, fish, worm, and fly.

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methPrimerDB (data or information resource)

RRID:SCR_012017

A public database holding PCR primers for popular DNA methylation analysis methods to prevent time-consuming primer design and experimental optimisation.

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Integrative Genomics Viewer (software resource)

RRID:SCR_011793

A high-performance visualization tool for interactive exploration of large, integrated genomic datasets.

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GraphPad Prism (software resource)

RRID:SCR_002798

Statistical analysis software that combines scientific graphing, comprehensive curve fitting (nonlinear regression), understandable statistics, and data organization. Designed for biological research applications in pharmacology, physiology, and other biological fields for data analysis, hypothesis testing, and modeling.

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FlowJo (software resource)

RRID:SCR_008520

Software for single-cell flow cytometry analysis. Its functions include management, display, manipulation, analysis and publication of the data stream produced by flow and mass cytometers.

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FastQC (software resource)

RRID:SCR_014583

Quality control software that perform checks on raw sequence data coming from high throughput sequencing pipelines. This software also provides a modular set of analyses which can give a quick impression of the quality of the data prior to further analysis.

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CellProfiler Image Analysis Software (data processing software)

RRID:SCR_007358

Software tool to enable biologists without training in computer vision or programming to quantitatively measure phenotypes from thousands of images automatically. It counts cells and also measures the size, shape, intensity and texture of every cell (and every labeled subcellular compartment) in every image. It was designed for high throughput screening but can perform automated image analysis for images from time-lapse movies and low-throughput experiments. CellProfiler has an increasing number of algorithms to identify and measure properties of neuronal cell types.

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Bioconductor (software resource)

RRID:SCR_006442

Software repository for R packages related to analysis and comprehension of high throughput genomic data. Uses separate set of commands for installation of packages. Software project based on R programming language that provides tools for analysis and comprehension of high throughput genomic data.

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Adobe Photoshop (software resource)

RRID:SCR_014199

Software for image processing, analysis, and editing. The software includes features such as touch capabilities, a customizable toolbar, 2D and 3D image merging, and Cloud access and options.

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RRID:IMSR_JAX:006440

Mus musculus with name B6.129S4-Ptentm1Hwu/J from IMSR.

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B6.129P2(Cg)-Braftm1Mmcm/J (organism)

RRID:IMSR_JAX:017837

Mus musculus with name B6.129P2(Cg)-Braftm1Mmcm/J from IMSR.

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B6.Cg-Gt(ROSA)26Sortm14(CAG-tdTomato)Hze/J (organism)

RRID:IMSR_JAX:007914

Mus musculus with name B6.Cg-Gt(ROSA)26Sortm14(CAG-tdTomato)Hze/J from IMSR.

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B6;129S4-Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1Sor/J (organism)

RRID:IMSR_JAX:003309

Mus musculus with name B6;129S4-Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1Sor/J from IMSR.

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B6.Cg-Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)13Bos/J (organism)

RRID:IMSR_JAX:012328

Mus musculus with name B6.Cg-Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)13Bos/J from IMSR.

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RRID:CVCL_4632

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501-mel (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_4633

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WM983B (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_6809

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WM852 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_6804

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SK-MEL-28 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0526

Cell line SK-MEL-28 is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)

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HEK293T (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0063

Cell line HEK293T is a Transformed cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)

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A-375 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0132

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