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Many animals use acoustic signals to attract a potential mating partner. In fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), the courtship pulse song has a species-specific interpulse interval (IPI) that activates mating. Although a series of auditory neurons in the fly brain exhibit different tuning patterns to IPIs, it is unclear how the response of each neuron is tuned. Here, we studied the neural circuitry regulating the activity of antennal mechanosensory and motor center (AMMC)-B1 neurons, key secondary auditory neurons in the excitatory neural pathway that relay song information. By performing Ca2+ imaging in female flies, we found that the IPI selectivity observed in AMMC-B1 neurons differs from that of upstream auditory sensory neurons [Johnston's organ (JO)-B]. Selective knock-down of a GABAA receptor subunit in AMMC-B1 neurons increased their response to short IPIs, suggesting that GABA suppresses AMMC-B1 activity at these IPIs. Connection mapping identified two GABAergic local interneurons that synapse with AMMC-B1 and JO-B. Ca2+ imaging combined with neuronal silencing revealed that these local interneurons, AMMC-LN and AMMC-B2, shape the response pattern of AMMC-B1 neurons at a 15 ms IPI. Neuronal silencing studies further suggested that both GABAergic local interneurons suppress the behavioral response to artificial pulse songs in flies, particularly those with a 15 ms IPI. Altogether, we identified a circuit containing two GABAergic local interneurons that affects the temporal tuning of AMMC-B1 neurons in the song relay pathway and the behavioral response to the courtship song. Our findings suggest that feedforward inhibitory pathways adjust the behavioral response to courtship pulse songs in female flies.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT To understand how the brain detects time intervals between sound elements, we studied the neural pathway that relays species-specific courtship song information in female Drosophila melanogaster We demonstrate that the signal transmission from auditory sensory neurons to key secondary auditory neurons antennal mechanosensory and motor center (AMMC)-B1 is the first-step to generate time interval selectivity of neurons in the song relay pathway. Two GABAergic local interneurons are suggested to shape the interval selectivity of AMMC-B1 neurons by receiving auditory inputs and in turn providing feedforward inhibition onto AMMC-B1 neurons. Furthermore, these GABAergic local interneurons suppress the song response behavior in an interval-dependent manner. Our results provide new insights into the neural circuit basis to adjust neuronal and behavioral responses to a species-specific communication sound.
Pubmed ID: 29691331 RIS Download
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View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal secondary targets IgG (H+L)
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal secondary targets IgY (H+L)
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets Mouse IgG (H+L)
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal secondary targets IgG (H+L)
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets Rat IgG (H+L)
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets CD4 antibody produced in rabbit
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Bruchpilot
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets GFP
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets GFP
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets DsRed
View all literature mentionsA software toolkit for computational morphometry of biomedical images, CMTK comprises a set of command line tools and a back-end general-purpose library for processing and I/O. The command line tools primarily provide the following functionality: registration (affine and nonrigid; single and multi-channel; pairwise and groupwise), image correction (MR bias field estimation; interleaved image artifact correction; EPI unwarping), processing (filters; combination of segmentations via voting and STAPLE; shape-based averaging), statistics (t-tests; general linear model). CMTK is implemented in C++ with parallel processing using POSIX Threads (SMP), OpenMP (SMP), Grand Central Dispatch (SMP), and CUDA (GPU). Supported file formats include Analyze (r/w), NIFTI (r/w), Nrrd (r/w), DICOM (read), BioRad (read). Data exchange with other toolkits, such as ITK, FSL, AFNI, SPM, etc. is thus easily accomplished.
View all literature mentionsVector graphics software to create digital graphics, illustrations, and typography for several types of media: print, web, interactive, video, and mobile.
View all literature mentionsSoftware application with data analysis tools and spreadsheet templates to track and visualize data. It is used to manage and process data.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=GMR55C02-GAL4}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name y[1] sc[*] v[1] sev[21]; P{y[+t7.7] v[+t1.8]=TRiP.HMC03643}attP40 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[*]; P{w[+mC]=UAS-TeTxLC.tnt}G2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[*]; P{w[+mC]=UAS-TeTxLC.(-)V}A2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name y[1] w[*]; P{w[+mC]=UAS-nAChRalpha7.GFP}3/MKRS from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[*]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=10XUAS-IVS-mCD8::RFP}attP40 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=20XUAS-IVS-GCaMP6f}attP40 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsAudacity is free, open source software for recording and editing sounds. It is available for Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows, GNU/Linux, and other operating systems. The latest release of Audacity is 1.3.12 (Beta). This is their active work in progress version with their latest features. Documentation and translations into different languages are not quite complete. They recommend this version for more advanced users, and for everyone on Windows 7, Windows Vista and Mac OS X 10.6. See New Features in 1.3 for more information about the 1.3 Beta series. You can use Audacity to: Convert tapes and records into digital recordings or CDs. Edit Ogg Vorbis, MP3, WAV or AIFF sound files. Cut, copy, splice or mix sounds together. Change the speed or pitch of a recording. And more See the complete list of features. Sponsors: This resource is supported by UmixIt Technologies, LLC. Keywords: Software, Recording, Audio, Sound, Editor, Recorder,
View all literature mentionsVector graphics software to create digital graphics, illustrations, and typography for several types of media: print, web, interactive, video, and mobile.
View all literature mentionsAn ImageJ plugin for the automatic alignment of a source image (or a stack) to a target image. Manual, automatic, and batch alignment modes are available. Users may specify some landmarks to establish the initial correspondence between images. In automatic and batch modes, the landmarks are automatically refined to match the landmarks of the target image. After registration, the plugin creates a warped image using the final position of the source image and the target landmarks. The plugin can be called by a macro or by another plugin. Technical guidance is available on the website.
View all literature mentionsSoftware environment and programming language for statistical computing and graphics. R is integrated suite of software facilities for data manipulation, calculation and graphical display. Can be extended via packages. Some packages are supplied with the R distribution and more are available through CRAN family.It compiles and runs on wide variety of UNIX platforms, Windows and MacOS.
View all literature mentionsOpen source Java based image processing software program designed for scientific multidimensional images. ImageJ has been transformed to ImageJ2 application to improve data engine to be sufficient to analyze modern datasets.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[*]; P{w[+mC]=UAS-TeTxLC.(-)V}B3 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[*]; P{w[+mC]=UAS-TeTxLC.tnt}R3 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[*]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=10XUAS-IVS-mCD8::GFP}attP40 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=13XLexAop2-IVS-GCaMP6f-p10}su(Hw)attP5 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; PBac{y[+mDint2] w[+mC]=20XUAS-IVS-GCaMP6m}VK00005 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name P{VT017247-GAL4}attP2 from Flybase.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[*]; P{w[+m*]=Rdl-GAL4.S}2.2/CyO from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=GMR45D07-GAL4}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentions(null) This is a legacy resource.
View all literature mentionsA software toolkit for computational morphometry of biomedical images, CMTK comprises a set of command line tools and a back-end general-purpose library for processing and I/O. The command line tools primarily provide the following functionality: registration (affine and nonrigid; single and multi-channel; pairwise and groupwise), image correction (MR bias field estimation; interleaved image artifact correction; EPI unwarping), processing (filters; combination of segmentations via voting and STAPLE; shape-based averaging), statistics (t-tests; general linear model). CMTK is implemented in C++ with parallel processing using POSIX Threads (SMP), OpenMP (SMP), Grand Central Dispatch (SMP), and CUDA (GPU). Supported file formats include Analyze (r/w), NIFTI (r/w), Nrrd (r/w), DICOM (read), BioRad (read). Data exchange with other toolkits, such as ITK, FSL, AFNI, SPM, etc. is thus easily accomplished.
View all literature mentions(null) This is a legacy resource.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name P{VT017247-GAL4}attP2 from Flybase.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[*]; P{w[+m*]=Rdl-GAL4.S}2.2/CyO from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=GMR45D07-GAL4}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; PBac{y[+mDint2] w[+mC]=20XUAS-IVS-GCaMP6m}VK00005 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[*]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=10XUAS-IVS-mCD8::GFP}attP40 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=13XLexAop2-IVS-GCaMP6f-p10}su(Hw)attP5 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsSoftware environment and programming language for statistical computing and graphics. R is integrated suite of software facilities for data manipulation, calculation and graphical display. Can be extended via packages. Some packages are supplied with the R distribution and more are available through CRAN family.It compiles and runs on wide variety of UNIX platforms, Windows and MacOS.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[*]; P{w[+mC]=UAS-TeTxLC.(-)V}B3 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[*]; P{w[+mC]=UAS-TeTxLC.tnt}R3 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsAn ImageJ plugin for the automatic alignment of a source image (or a stack) to a target image. Manual, automatic, and batch alignment modes are available. Users may specify some landmarks to establish the initial correspondence between images. In automatic and batch modes, the landmarks are automatically refined to match the landmarks of the target image. After registration, the plugin creates a warped image using the final position of the source image and the target landmarks. The plugin can be called by a macro or by another plugin. Technical guidance is available on the website.
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets DsRed
View all literature mentionsOpen source Java based image processing software program designed for scientific multidimensional images. ImageJ has been transformed to ImageJ2 application to improve data engine to be sufficient to analyze modern datasets.
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets
View all literature mentionsAudacity is free, open source software for recording and editing sounds. It is available for Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows, GNU/Linux, and other operating systems. The latest release of Audacity is 1.3.12 (Beta). This is their active work in progress version with their latest features. Documentation and translations into different languages are not quite complete. They recommend this version for more advanced users, and for everyone on Windows 7, Windows Vista and Mac OS X 10.6. See New Features in 1.3 for more information about the 1.3 Beta series. You can use Audacity to: Convert tapes and records into digital recordings or CDs. Edit Ogg Vorbis, MP3, WAV or AIFF sound files. Cut, copy, splice or mix sounds together. Change the speed or pitch of a recording. And more See the complete list of features. Sponsors: This resource is supported by UmixIt Technologies, LLC. Keywords: Software, Recording, Audio, Sound, Editor, Recorder,
View all literature mentionsVector graphics software to create digital graphics, illustrations, and typography for several types of media: print, web, interactive, video, and mobile.
View all literature mentionsA software toolkit for computational morphometry of biomedical images, CMTK comprises a set of command line tools and a back-end general-purpose library for processing and I/O. The command line tools primarily provide the following functionality: registration (affine and nonrigid; single and multi-channel; pairwise and groupwise), image correction (MR bias field estimation; interleaved image artifact correction; EPI unwarping), processing (filters; combination of segmentations via voting and STAPLE; shape-based averaging), statistics (t-tests; general linear model). CMTK is implemented in C++ with parallel processing using POSIX Threads (SMP), OpenMP (SMP), Grand Central Dispatch (SMP), and CUDA (GPU). Supported file formats include Analyze (r/w), NIFTI (r/w), Nrrd (r/w), DICOM (read), BioRad (read). Data exchange with other toolkits, such as ITK, FSL, AFNI, SPM, etc. is thus easily accomplished.
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets GFP
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets Mouse IgG (H+L)
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal secondary targets IgG (H+L)
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets Rat IgG (H+L)
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets CD4 antibody produced in rabbit
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Bruchpilot
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets GFP
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal secondary targets IgG (H+L)
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal secondary targets IgY (H+L)
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