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Self-Renewal and Toll-like Receptor Signaling Sustain Exhausted Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells during Chronic Viral Infection.

Immunity | 2018

Although characterization of T cell exhaustion has unlocked powerful immunotherapies, the mechanisms sustaining adaptations of short-lived innate cells to chronic inflammatory settings remain unknown. During murine chronic viral infection, we found that concerted events in bone marrow and spleen mediated by type I interferon (IFN-I) and Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) maintained a pool of functionally exhausted plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). In the bone marrow, IFN-I compromised the number and the developmental capacity of pDC progenitors, which generated dysfunctional pDCs. Concurrently, exhausted pDCs in the periphery were maintained by self-renewal via IFN-I- and TLR7-induced proliferation of CD4- subsets. On the other hand, pDC functional loss was mediated by TLR7, leading to compromised IFN-I production and resistance to secondary infection. These findings unveil the mechanisms sustaining a self-perpetuating pool of functionally exhausted pDCs and provide a framework for deciphering long-term exhaustion of other short-lived innate cells during chronic inflammation.

Pubmed ID: 29669251 RIS Download

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Associated grants

  • Agency: NIAID NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 AI026806
  • Agency: NIAID NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 AI106125
  • Agency: NIAID NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 AI113923
  • Agency: NIAID NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 AI081923
  • Agency: NIAID NIH HHS, United States
    Id: P30 AI036214

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