When mammalian cells are deprived of glutamine, exogenous asparagine rescues cell survival and growth. Here we report that this rescue results from use of asparagine in protein synthesis. All mammalian cell lines tested lacked cytosolic asparaginase activity and could not utilize asparagine to produce other amino acids or biosynthetic intermediates. Instead, most glutamine-deprived cell lines are capable of sufficient glutamine synthesis to maintain essential amino acid uptake and production of glutamine-dependent biosynthetic precursors, with the exception of asparagine. While experimental introduction of cytosolic asparaginase could enhance the synthesis of glutamine and increase tricarboxylic acid cycle anaplerosis and the synthesis of nucleotide precursors, cytosolic asparaginase suppressed the growth and survival of cells in glutamine-depleted medium in vitro and severely compromised the in vivo growth of tumor xenografts. These results suggest that the lack of asparaginase activity represents an evolutionary adaptation to allow mammalian cells to survive pathophysiologic variations in extracellular glutamine.
Pubmed ID: 29337136 RIS Download
Publication data is provided by the National Library of Medicine ® and PubMed ®. Data is retrieved from PubMed ® on a weekly schedule. For terms and conditions see the National Library of Medicine Terms and Conditions.
Statistical analysis software that combines scientific graphing, comprehensive curve fitting (nonlinear regression), understandable statistics, and data organization. Designed for biological research applications in pharmacology, physiology, and other biological fields for data analysis, hypothesis testing, and modeling.
View all literature mentionsAn extensible and customizable gene annotation portal that emphasizes community extensibility and user customizability. It is a complete resource for learning about gene and protein function. Community extensibility reflects a belief that any BioGPS user should be able to add new content to BioGPS using the simple plugin interface, completely independently of the core developer team. User customizability recognizes that not all users are interested in the same set of gene annotation data, so the gene report layouts enable each user to define the information that is most relevant to them. Currently, BioGPS supports eight species: Human (Homo sapiens), Mouse (Mus musculus), Rat (Rattus norvegicus), Fruitfly (Drosophila melanogaster), Nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans), Zebrafish (Danio rerio), Thale-cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), Frog (Xenopus tropicalis), and Pig (Sus scrofa). BioGPS presents data in an ortholog-centric format, which allows users to display mouse plugins next to human ones. Our data for defining orthologs comes from NCBI's HomoloGene database.
View all literature mentionsPublic database with millions of high-resolution images showing the spatial distribution of proteins in different normal human tissues and cancer types, as well as different human cell lines. The data is released together with application-specific validation performed for each antibody, including immunohistochemisty, Western blot analysis and, for a large fraction, a protein array assay and immunofluorescent based confocal microscopy. The database has been developed in a gene-centric manner with the inclusion of all human genes predicted from genome efforts. Search functionalities allow for complex queries regarding protein expression profiles, protein classes and chromosome location. Antibodies included have been analyzed using a standardized protocol in a single attempt without further efforts to optimize the procedure and therefore it cannot be excluded that certain observed binding properties are due to technical rather than biological reasons and that further optimization could result in a different outcome. Submission of antibodies: The Swedish Human Proteome Atlas (HPA) program, invites submission of antibodies from both academic and commercial sources to be included in the human protein atlas. All antibodies will be validated by the HPA-program by a standard procedure and antibodies that are accepted will be use in the tissue- profiling program to generate high-resolution immunohistochemistry images representing a wide spectrum of normal tissues and cancer types.
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets CCND1, CCND2
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets GAPDH antibody produced in mouse
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets HA-Tag
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets ASRGL1
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets FLAG
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets p70 S6 Kinase
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets p70 S6 Kinase, phospho (Thr389)
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Glutamine Synthetase antibody
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets α-Tubulin
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets c-Myc (C-33)
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets HIF-1α
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Vinculin antibody produced in mouse
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Puromycin from Streptomyces alboniger
View all literature mentionsCell line SF188 is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)
View all literature mentionsCell line S2R+ is a Spontaneously immortalized cell line with a species of origin Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly)
View all literature mentionsCell line T-47D is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)
View all literature mentionsCell line ZR-75-1 is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)
View all literature mentionsCell line A-549 is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)
View all literature mentionsCell line U2OS is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)
View all literature mentionsCell line LN-229 is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)
View all literature mentionsCell line A-375 is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)
View all literature mentionsCell line COS-1 is a Transformed cell line with a species of origin Chlorocebus aethiops (Green monkey)
View all literature mentionsCell line T24 is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)
View all literature mentionsCell line MDA-MB-468 is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)
View all literature mentionsCell line SF188 is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)
View all literature mentionsCell line ZR-75-1 is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)
View all literature mentionsCell line T-47D is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)
View all literature mentionsCell line S2R+ is a Spontaneously immortalized cell line with a species of origin Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly)
View all literature mentions