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Synaptic scaling is a key homeostatic plasticity mechanism and is thought to be involved in the regulation of cortical activity levels. Here we investigated the spatial scale of homeostatic changes in spine size following sensory deprivation in a subset of inhibitory (layer 2/3 GAD65-positive) and excitatory (layer 5 Thy1-positive) neurons in mouse visual cortex. Using repeated in vivo two-photon imaging, we find that increases in spine size are tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) dependent and thus are likely associated with synaptic scaling. Rather than occurring at all spines, the observed increases in spine size are spatially localized to a subset of dendritic branches and are correlated with the degree of recent local spine loss within that branch. Using simulations, we show that such a compartmentalized form of synaptic scaling has computational benefits over cell-wide scaling for information processing within the cell.
Pubmed ID: 29107520 RIS Download
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THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE, documented on January 31, 2022. Data services to support validation of economically relevant traits for the livestock industries. Sponsors: This resource is supported by Pfizer Animal Health. Keywords: Animal, Genetics, Health, World, Genetic, Information, Service, Industry, Livestock, DNA, Maker, Technology, Phenotypic, Productivity,
View all literature mentionsA national mouse monoclonal antibody generating resource for biochemical and immunohistochemical applications in mammalian brain. NeuroMabs are generated from mice immunized with synthetic and recombinant immunogens corresponding to components of the neuronal proteome as predicted from genomic and other large-scale cloning efforts. Comprehensive biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses of human, primate and non-primate mammalian brain are incorporated into the initial NeuroMab screening procedure. This yields a subset of mouse mAbs that are optimized for use in brain (i.e. NeuroMabs): for immunocytochemical-based imaging studies of protein localization in adult, developing and pathological brain samples, for biochemical analyses of subunit composition and post-translational modifications of native brain proteins, and for proteomic analyses of native brain protein networks. The NeuroMab facility was initially funded with a five-year U24 cooperative grant from NINDS and NIMH. The initial goal of the facility for this funding period is to generate a library of novel NeuroMabs against neuronal proteins, initially focusing on membrane proteins (receptors/channels/transporters), synaptic proteins, other neuronal signaling molecules, and proteins with established links to disease states. The scope of the facility was expanded with supplements from the NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research to include neurodevelopmental targets, the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research to include epigenetics targets, and NIH Office of Rare Diseases Research to include rare disease targets. These NeuroMabs will then be produced on a large scale and made available to the neuroscience research community on an inexpensive basis as tissue culture supernatants or purified immunoglobulin by Antibodies Inc. The UC Davis/NIH NeuroMab Facility makes NeuroMabs available directly to end users and is unable to accommodate sales to distributors for third party distribution. Note, NeuroMab antibodies are now offered through antibodiesinc.
View all literature mentionsStatistical analysis and scientific graphing software for Windows OS.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name C57BL/6J from IMSR.
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View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name STOCK Tg(Npy-cre)RH26Gsat/Mmucd from MMRRC.
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View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name STOCK Tg(Thy1-EGFP)MJrs/J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsA development environment for engineers and scientists to visualize, create, and code engineering systems. The system design software is integrated with all measurement hardware and contains signal processing IP. Other features include multithreaded execution, software deployment to hardware, and program integration into a single environment.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name STOCK Tg(Npy-cre)RH26Gsat/Mmucd from MMRRC.
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets GluA2/GluR2 glutamate receptor
View all literature mentionsOpen source Java based image processing software program designed for scientific multidimensional images. ImageJ has been transformed to ImageJ2 application to improve data engine to be sufficient to analyze modern datasets.
View all literature mentionsOpen source software application for laser scanning microscopy, electrophysiology, laser scanning photostimulation, and other physiological methods focused on neurobiology. Used to control laser scanning microscopes without need for custom data acquisition hardware. Standard data acquisition boards are used to acquire data and control laser scanning. The tasks of signal integration and image processing are placed on the computer CPU. Multiple versions of ScanImage are available, each with their own features.
View all literature mentionsMulti paradigm numerical computing environment and fourth generation programming language developed by MathWorks. Allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other languages, including C, C++, Java, Fortran and Python. Used to explore and visualize ideas and collaborate across disciplines including signal and image processing, communications, control systems, and computational finance.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name STOCK Tg(Thy1-EGFP)MJrs/J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets Mouse IgG1 (??1)
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets Chicken IgG (H+L)
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets Rat GRIP1
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets GFP
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