Recent functional, proteomic and ribosome profiling studies in eukaryotes have concurrently demonstrated the translation of alternative open-reading frames (altORFs) in addition to annotated protein coding sequences (CDSs). We show that a large number of small proteins could in fact be coded by these altORFs. The putative alternative proteins translated from altORFs have orthologs in many species and contain functional domains. Evolutionary analyses indicate that altORFs often show more extreme conservation patterns than their CDSs. Thousands of alternative proteins are detected in proteomic datasets by reanalysis using a database containing predicted alternative proteins. This is illustrated with specific examples, including altMiD51, a 70 amino acid mitochondrial fission-promoting protein encoded in MiD51/Mief1/SMCR7L, a gene encoding an annotated protein promoting mitochondrial fission. Our results suggest that many genes are multicoding genes and code for a large protein and one or several small proteins.
Pubmed ID: 29083303 RIS Download
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Database that organizes information on genomes including sequences, maps, chromosomes, assemblies, and annotations in six major organism groups: Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryotes, Viruses, Viroids, and Plasmids. Genomes of over 1,200 organisms can be found in this database, representing both completely sequenced organisms and those for which sequencing is in progress. Users can browse by organism, and view genome maps and protein clusters. Links to other prokaryotic and archaeal genome projects, as well as BLAST tools and access to the rest of the NCBI online resources are available.
View all literature mentionsCollection of genome databases for vertebrates and other eukaryotic species with DNA and protein sequence search capabilities. Used to automatically annotate genome, integrate this annotation with other available biological data and make data publicly available via web. Ensembl tools include BLAST, BLAT, BioMart and the Variant Effect Predictor (VEP) for all supported species.
View all literature mentionsSoftware that translates nucleic acid sequences to their corresponding peptide sequences. It can translate to the three forward and three reverse frames, and output multiple frame translations at once.
View all literature mentionsService providing functional analysis of proteins by classifying them into families and predicting domains and important sites. They combine protein signatures from a number of member databases into a single searchable resource, capitalizing on their individual strengths to produce a powerful integrated database and diagnostic tool. This integrated database of predictive protein signatures is used for the classification and automatic annotation of proteins and genomes. InterPro classifies sequences at superfamily, family and subfamily levels, predicting the occurrence of functional domains, repeats and important sites. InterPro adds in-depth annotation, including GO terms, to the protein signatures. You can access the data programmatically, via Web Services. The member databases use a number of approaches: # ProDom: provider of sequence-clusters built from UniProtKB using PSI-BLAST. # PROSITE patterns: provider of simple regular expressions. # PROSITE and HAMAP profiles: provide sequence matrices. # PRINTS provider of fingerprints, which are groups of aligned, un-weighted Position Specific Sequence Matrices (PSSMs). # PANTHER, PIRSF, Pfam, SMART, TIGRFAMs, Gene3D and SUPERFAMILY: are providers of hidden Markov models (HMMs). Your contributions are welcome. You are encouraged to use the ''''Add your annotation'''' button on InterPro entry pages to suggest updated or improved annotation for individual InterPro entries.
View all literature mentionsData analysis service whose programs search protein databases using a protein query. The algorithms used include blastp, psi-blast, phi-blast, and delta-blast.
View all literature mentionsCell line HeLa is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens
View all literature mentionsA software which acquires and processes data sets, primarily through the Xcalibur system.
View all literature mentionsSoftware providing a search engine independent platform for visualization of peptide and protein identification results from multiple search engines, currently supporting X!Tandem, MS-GF+, MS Amanda, OMSSA, MyriMatch, Comet, Tide, Mascot and mzIdentML. By combining the results from multiple search engines, while re-calculating PTM localization scores and redoing the protein inference, PeptideShaker attempts to give you the best possible understanding of your proteomics data.
View all literature mentionsSoftware providing a user-friendly, lightweight and open-source graphical user interface for configuring and running the freely available OMSSA and X!Tandem search engines simultaneously.
View all literature mentionsCateGOrizer takes batch input of GO term IDs in a list format or unformatted plain text file, allows users to choose one of the available classifications such as GO_slim, GOA, EGAD, MGI_GO_slim, GO-ROOT, or a self-defined classification list, find its parental branch and performs an accumulative classification count, and returns the results in a sorted table of counts, percentages, and a pie chart (if it takes longer than standard time out period, it will email the user with a URL link to the results). This tool is comprised with a set of perl CGI programs coupled with a MySQL DBMS that stores the GO terms DAG data. Platform: Online tool
View all literature mentionsSoftware package for functional analysis of sequences by classifying them into families and predicting presence of domains and sites. Scans sequences against InterPro's signatures. Characterizes nucleotide or protein function by matching it with models from several different databases. Used in large scale analysis of whole proteomes, genomes and metagenomes. Available as Web based version and standalone Perl version and SOAP Web Service.
View all literature mentionsSoftware tool that screens DNA sequences for interspersed repeats and low complexity DNA sequences. The output of the program is a detailed annotation of the repeats that are present in the query sequence as well as a modified version of the query sequence in which all the annotated repeats have been masked (default: replaced by Ns). Currently over 56% of human genomic sequence is identified and masked by the program. Sequence comparisons in RepeatMasker are performed by one of several popular search engines including nhmmer, cross_match, ABBlast/WUBlast, RMBlast and Decypher. RepeatMasker makes use of curated libraries of repeats and currently supports Dfam ( profile HMM library ) and RepBase ( consensus sequence library ).
View all literature mentionsPortal to interactively visualize genomic data. Provides reference sequences and working draft assemblies for collection of genomes and access to ENCODE and Neanderthal projects. Includes collection of vertebrate and model organism assemblies and annotations, along with suite of tools for viewing, analyzing and downloading data.
View all literature mentionsCollection of pairwise comparisons between 100 whole genomes generated by a fully automatic method for finding orthologs and in-paralogs between TWO species. Ortholog clusters in the InParanoid are seeded with a two-way best pairwise match, after which an algorithm for adding in-paralogs is applied. The method bypasses multiple alignments and phylogenetic trees, which can be slow and error-prone steps in classical ortholog detection. Still, it robustly detects complex orthologous relationships and assigns confidence values for in-paralogs. The original data sets can be downloaded.
View all literature mentionsA software program for convenient conversion of genome coordinates (or annotation files) between different assemblies. It supports most commonly used file formats including SAM/BAM, Wiggle/BigWig, BED, GFF/GTF, VCF. It is designed to liftover genome coordinates between assemblies. It?s not a program for aligning sequences to reference genome. CrossMap is not recommend for converting genome coordinates between species.
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