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Chromatin and Single-Cell RNA-Seq Profiling Reveal Dynamic Signaling and Metabolic Transitions during Human Spermatogonial Stem Cell Development.

Cell stem cell | 2017

Human adult spermatogonial stem cells (hSSCs) must balance self-renewal and differentiation. To understand how this is achieved, we profiled DNA methylation and open chromatin (ATAC-seq) in SSEA4+ hSSCs, analyzed bulk and single-cell RNA transcriptomes (RNA-seq) in SSEA4+ hSSCs and differentiating c-KIT+ spermatogonia, and performed validation studies via immunofluorescence. First, DNA hypomethylation at embryonic developmental genes supports their epigenetic "poising" in hSSCs for future/embryonic expression, while core pluripotency genes (OCT4 and NANOG) were transcriptionally and epigenetically repressed. Interestingly, open chromatin in hSSCs was strikingly enriched in binding sites for pioneer factors (NFYA/B, DMRT1, and hormone receptors). Remarkably, single-cell RNA-seq clustering analysis identified four cellular/developmental states during hSSC differentiation, involving major transitions in cell-cycle and transcriptional regulators, splicing and signaling factors, and glucose/mitochondria regulators. Overall, our results outline the dynamic chromatin/transcription landscape operating in hSSCs and identify crucial molecular pathways that accompany the transition from quiescence to proliferation and differentiation.

Pubmed ID: 28985528 RIS Download

Research resources used in this publication

Associated grants

  • Agency: NCRR NIH HHS, United States
    Id: S10 RR024761
  • Agency: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, United States
  • Agency: Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom
    Id: 102731/Z/13/Z
  • Agency: Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom
  • Agency: NCI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: P30 CA042014

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


USeq (tool)

RRID:SCR_004753

A collection of software tools for for both low and high level analysis of next generation, ultra high throughput signature sequencing data from the Solexa, SOLiD, and 454 platforms.

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FlowJo (tool)

RRID:SCR_008520

Software for single-cell flow cytometry analysis. Its functions include management, display, manipulation, analysis and publication of the data stream produced by flow and mass cytometers.

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SAM format (tool)

RRID:SCR_012093

A generic alignment format for storing read alignments against reference sequences, supporting short and long reads (up to 128 Mbp) produced by different sequencing platforms.

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FactoMineR (tool)

RRID:SCR_014602

Software R package for multivariate analysis which takes into account different types of data structure. Data can be organized in groups of variable, groups of individuals, or into hierarchy of variables.

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SAMTOOLS (tool)

RRID:SCR_002105

Original SAMTOOLS package has been split into three separate repositories including Samtools, BCFtools and HTSlib. Samtools for manipulating next generation sequencing data used for reading, writing, editing, indexing,viewing nucleotide alignments in SAM,BAM,CRAM format. BCFtools used for reading, writing BCF2,VCF, gVCF files and calling, filtering, summarising SNP and short indel sequence variants. HTSlib used for reading, writing high throughput sequencing data.

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Cluster (tool)

RRID:SCR_013505

Software R package. Methods for Cluster analysis. Performs variety of types of cluster analysis and other types of processing on large microarray datasets.

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Bioconductor (tool)

RRID:SCR_006442

Software repository for R packages related to analysis and comprehension of high throughput genomic data. Uses separate set of commands for installation of packages. Software project based on R programming language that provides tools for analysis and comprehension of high throughput genomic data.

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Picard (tool)

RRID:SCR_006525

Java toolset for working with next generation sequencing data in the BAM format.

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BEDTools (tool)

RRID:SCR_006646

A powerful toolset for genome arithmetic allowing one to address common genomics tasks such as finding feature overlaps and computing coverage. Bedtools allows one to intersect, merge, count, complement, and shuffle genomic intervals from multiple files in widely-used genomic file formats such as BAM, BED, GFF/GTF, VCF. While each individual tool is designed to do a relatively simple task (e.g., intersect two interval files), quite sophisticated analyses can be conducted by combining multiple bedtools operations on the UNIX command line.

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Miltenyi Biotec (tool)

RRID:SCR_008984

An Organization portal, Antibody supplier, Service resource,

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DESeq2 (tool)

RRID:SCR_015687

Software package for differential gene expression analysis based on the negative binomial distribution. Used for analyzing RNA-seq data for differential analysis of count data, using shrinkage estimation for dispersions and fold changes to improve stability and interpretability of estimates.

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Rat GFR alpha-1 Affinity Purified Polyclonal Ab (antibody)

RRID:AB_2110307

This polyclonal targets Rat GFR alpha-1 / GDNF R alpha-1

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Anti-DNAJC9 antibody produced in rabbit (antibody)

RRID:AB_10603663

This polyclonal targets DNAJC9 antibody produced in rabbit

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Anti-TRAPPC6A polyclonal antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_10794650

This polyclonal targets TRAPPC6A

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Anti-DMRT1 antibody produced in rabbit (antibody)

RRID:AB_10600868

This polyclonal targets DMRT1 antibody produced in rabbit

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Anti-HERC5 antibody produced in rabbit (antibody)

RRID:AB_10962492

This polyclonal targets HERC5 antibody produced in rabbit

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FMRP antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_732400

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Anti-ZKSCAN2 polyclonal antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2680652

This polyclonal targets ZKSCAN2

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Anti-SPOCD1 polyclonal antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2674008

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Anti-CBL antibody produced in rabbit (antibody)

RRID:AB_10601094

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Anti-TSPYL5 polyclonal antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_10601454

This polyclonal targets TSPYL5

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Anti-DDX6 (antibody)

RRID:AB_10603562

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FGFR-3 (C-15) (antibody)

RRID:AB_631511

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SSEA4 (MC813) Mouse Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_1264259

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HPA (atlas)

RRID:SCR_006710

Public database with millions of high-resolution images showing the spatial distribution of proteins in different normal human tissues and cancer types, as well as different human cell lines. The data is released together with application-specific validation performed for each antibody, including immunohistochemisty, Western blot analysis and, for a large fraction, a protein array assay and immunofluorescent based confocal microscopy. The database has been developed in a gene-centric manner with the inclusion of all human genes predicted from genome efforts. Search functionalities allow for complex queries regarding protein expression profiles, protein classes and chromosome location. Antibodies included have been analyzed using a standardized protocol in a single attempt without further efforts to optimize the procedure and therefore it cannot be excluded that certain observed binding properties are due to technical rather than biological reasons and that further optimization could result in a different outcome. Submission of antibodies: The Swedish Human Proteome Atlas (HPA) program, invites submission of antibodies from both academic and commercial sources to be included in the human protein atlas. All antibodies will be validated by the HPA-program by a standard procedure and antibodies that are accepted will be use in the tissue- profiling program to generate high-resolution immunohistochemistry images representing a wide spectrum of normal tissues and cancer types.

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