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Axons contain a smooth tubular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network that is thought to be continuous with ER throughout the neuron; the mechanisms that form this axonal network are unknown. Mutations affecting reticulon or REEP proteins, with intramembrane hairpin domains that model ER membranes, cause an axon degenerative disease, hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). We show that Drosophila axons have a dynamic axonal ER network, which these proteins help to model. Loss of HSP hairpin proteins causes ER sheet expansion, partial loss of ER from distal motor axons, and occasional discontinuities in axonal ER. Ultrastructural analysis reveals an extensive ER network in axons, which shows larger and fewer tubules in larvae that lack reticulon and REEP proteins, consistent with loss of membrane curvature. Therefore HSP hairpin-containing proteins are required for shaping and continuity of axonal ER, thus suggesting roles for ER modeling in axon maintenance and function.
Pubmed ID: 28742022 RIS Download
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FlyAtlas gives you a quick answer to the question: where is my gene of interest expressed/enriched in the adult fly? For each gene and tissue, you''re given the mRNA SIGNAL (how abundant the mRNA is), the mRNA ENRICHMENT (compared to whole flies), and the Affymetrix PRESENT CALL (out of 4 arrays, how many times it was detectably expressed). The dataset so far comprises 44 Affymetrix Dros2 expression arrays, each mapping the expression of 18770 transcripts - corresponding to the vast majority of known Drosophila genes. The dataset thus contains over 822800 separate datapoints. This website is intended to make the data easily accessible and comprehensible to mere mortals. FlyAtlas provides the most comprehensive view yet of expression in multiple tissues of Drosophila melanogaster. Meta-analysis of the data shows that a significant fraction of the genome is expressed with great tissue specificity in the adult, demonstrating the need for the functional genomic community to embrace a wide range of functional phenotypes. Well-known developmental genes are often reused in surprising tissues in the adult, suggesting new functions. The homologs of many human genetic disease loci show selective expression in the Drosophila tissues analogous to the affected human tissues, providing a useful filter for potential candidate genes. Additionally, the contributions of each tissue to the whole-fly array signal can be calculated, demonstrating the limitations of whole-organism approaches to functional genomics and allowing modeling of a simple tissue fractionation procedure that should improve detection of weak or tissue-specific signals.
View all literature mentionsA portal to biomedical and genomic information. NCBI creates public databases, conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information for the better understanding of molecular processes affecting human health and disease.
View all literature mentionsDatabase of Drosophila genetic and genomic information with information about stock collections and fly genetic tools. Gene Ontology (GO) terms are used to describe three attributes of wild-type gene products: their molecular function, the biological processes in which they play a role, and their subcellular location. Additionally, FlyBase accepts data submissions. FlyBase can be searched for genes, alleles, aberrations and other genetic objects, phenotypes, sequences, stocks, images and movies, controlled terms, and Drosophila researchers using the tools available from the "Tools" drop-down menu in the Navigation bar.
View all literature mentionsIt is the distribution arm of their academic laboratory. They operate on a cost-recovery mechanism in order to make the resources generated in their laboratory available to the academic scientific community. While clones and screening services are widely available, library arrays are primarily available to researchers with a scientific need to analyze most clones in the library. This site contains information on currently available BAC and PAC genomic DNA libraries, BAC Clones, PAC Clones, Fosmid Clones, cDNA collections, high-density colony hybridization filters, and BAC and PAC cloning vectors. Protocols used in our laboratory for the hybridization-based screening of colony filters, purification of BAC and PAC DNA, and end-sequencing methodologies, are also provided. BPRC does not list clones, for two reasons: 1)most clones have not been characterized and lack specific data. 2)all clones are part of libraries and all clones from a particular library share common characteristics. Hence, to find out if BPRC has a particular clone, one needs either use Automatic Clone Validation or else find out if the clone is compatible with the range of clone names for a corresponding clone library. Typically (although not always), clone names are derived from the library name. BPRC uses the NCBI-recommended clone nomenclature & library nomenclature. Most arrayed libraries are available in frozen microtiter dish format to academic and non-academic users provided that there is a scientific need for complete-library access. (for instance to annotate, modify or analyze all BAC clones as part of a genome project).
View all literature mentionsSoftware package as distribution of ImageJ and ImageJ2 together with Java, Java3D and plugins organized into coherent menu structure. Used to assist research in life sciences.
View all literature mentionsTHIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE, documented on January 19, 2022. Command line version of multiple sequence alignment program Clustal for DNA or proteins. Alignment is progressive and considers sequence redundancy. No longer being maintained. Please consider using Clustal Omega instead which accepts nucleic acid or protein sequences in multiple sequence formats NBRF/PIR, EMBL/UniProt, Pearson (FASTA), GDE, ALN/ClustalW, GCG/MSF, RSF.
View all literature mentionsA database of protein families, each represented by multiple sequence alignments and hidden Markov models (HMMs). Users can analyze protein sequences for Pfam matches, view Pfam family annotation and alignments, see groups of related families, look at the domain organization of a protein sequence, find the domains on a PDB structure, and query Pfam by keywords. There are two components to Pfam: Pfam-A and Pfam-B. Pfam-A entries are high quality, manually curated families that may automatically generate a supplement using the ADDA database. These automatically generated entries are called Pfam-B. Although of lower quality, Pfam-B families can be useful for identifying functionally conserved regions when no Pfam-A entries are found. Pfam also generates higher-level groupings of related families, known as clans (collections of Pfam-A entries which are related by similarity of sequence, structure or profile-HMM).
View all literature mentionsSoftware for image processing, analysis, and editing. The software includes features such as touch capabilities, a customizable toolbar, 2D and 3D image merging, and Cloud access and options.
View all literature mentionsIt is the distribution arm of their academic laboratory. They operate on a cost-recovery mechanism in order to make the resources generated in their laboratory available to the academic scientific community. While clones and screening services are widely available, library arrays are primarily available to researchers with a scientific need to analyze most clones in the library. This site contains information on currently available BAC and PAC genomic DNA libraries, BAC Clones, PAC Clones, Fosmid Clones, cDNA collections, high-density colony hybridization filters, and BAC and PAC cloning vectors. Protocols used in our laboratory for the hybridization-based screening of colony filters, purification of BAC and PAC DNA, and end-sequencing methodologies, are also provided. BPRC does not list clones, for two reasons: 1)most clones have not been characterized and lack specific data. 2)all clones are part of libraries and all clones from a particular library share common characteristics. Hence, to find out if BPRC has a particular clone, one needs either use Automatic Clone Validation or else find out if the clone is compatible with the range of clone names for a corresponding clone library. Typically (although not always), clone names are derived from the library name. BPRC uses the NCBI-recommended clone nomenclature & library nomenclature. Most arrayed libraries are available in frozen microtiter dish format to academic and non-academic users provided that there is a scientific need for complete-library access. (for instance to annotate, modify or analyze all BAC clones as part of a genome project).
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name y[1] v[1]; P{y[+t7.7] v[+t1.8]=TRiP.HMS05002}attP40 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[*]; Rtnl1[1.W] ReepB[48] ReepA[541]/CyO from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets KDEL antibody [MAC 256] - ER Marker
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets GFP
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets DLG-1 (Disks Large)
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets cysteine string protein
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name y[1] w[67c23]; P{y[+mDint2] w[+mC]=EPgy2}ReepB[EY05130] from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name y[1] M{RFP[3xP3.PB] GFP[E.3xP3]=vas-int.Dm}ZH-2A w[*]; M{3xP3-RFP.attP}ZH-51D from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[*]; wg[Sp-1]/CyO; ry[506] Dr[1] P{ry[+t7.2]=Delta2-3}99B/TM6 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; PBac{y[+mDint2] w[+mC]=20XUAS-tdTomato-Sec61beta}VK00037 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[*]; P{w[+mC]=UAS-Xbp1.EGFP.LG}4 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[*]; P{w[+mW.hs]=GawB}tey[5053A]/TM6B, Tb[+] from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; PBac{681.P.FSVS-1}Rtnl1[CPTI001291] from DGGR.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[*]; P{ry[+t7.2]=PZ}Acsl[05847]/CyO, P{w[+mC]=GAL4-Kr.C}DC3, P{w[+mC]=UAS-GFP.S65T}DC7; P{w[+mC]=UAS-Acsl.715.MycC}3/TM6B, Tb[1] from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name P{w[+mC]=UAS-Dcr-2.D}1 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{w[+mW.Scer\FRT.hs]=RS3}CG30190[CB-0501-3] from DGGR.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name y[1] w[67c23]; P{y[+mDint2] w[+mC]=EPgy2}ReepB[EY05130] from BDSC.
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