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Mutation of the Human Circadian Clock Gene CRY1 in Familial Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder.

Cell | 2017

Patterns of daily human activity are controlled by an intrinsic circadian clock that promotes ∼24 hr rhythms in many behavioral and physiological processes. This system is altered in delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD), a common form of insomnia in which sleep episodes are shifted to later times misaligned with the societal norm. Here, we report a hereditary form of DSPD associated with a dominant coding variation in the core circadian clock gene CRY1, which creates a transcriptional inhibitor with enhanced affinity for circadian activator proteins Clock and Bmal1. This gain-of-function CRY1 variant causes reduced expression of key transcriptional targets and lengthens the period of circadian molecular rhythms, providing a mechanistic link to DSPD symptoms. The allele has a frequency of up to 0.6%, and reverse phenotyping of unrelated families corroborates late and/or fragmented sleep patterns in carriers, suggesting that it affects sleep behavior in a sizeable portion of the human population.

Pubmed ID: 28388406 RIS Download

Research resources used in this publication

Additional research tools detected in this publication

Associated grants

  • Agency: NINDS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 NS052495
  • Agency: NINDS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R37 NS053087
  • Agency: NCATS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: UL1 TR000043
  • Agency: NCATS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: UL1 TR001866

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


VARIANT (tool)

RRID:SCR_005194

Analysis tool that can report the functional properties of any variant in all the human, mouse or rat genes (and soon new model organisms will be added) and the corresponding neighborhoods. Also other non-coding extra-genic regions, such as miRNAs are included in the analysis. It not only reports the obvious functional effects in the coding regions but also analyzes noncoding SNVs situated both within the gene and in the neighborhood that could affect different regulatory motifs, splicing signals, and other structural elements. These include: Jaspar regulatory motifs, miRNA targets, splice sites, exonic splicing silencers, calculations of selective pressures on the particular polymorphic positions, etc. Software analysis pipelines used in the analysis of NGS data are highly modular, heterogeneous, and rapidly evolving. VARIANT can easily be incorporated into a NGS resequencing pipeline either as a CLI or invoked a webservice. It inputs data directly from the most widely used programs for SNV detection.

View all literature mentions

BWA (tool)

RRID:SCR_010910

Software for aligning sequencing reads against large reference genome. Consists of three algorithms: BWA-backtrack, BWA-SW and BWA-MEM. First for sequence reads up to 100bp, and other two for longer sequences ranged from 70bp to 1Mbp.

View all literature mentions

ChIPAb+ Trimethyl-Histone H3 (Lys4) (antibody)

RRID:AB_11212770

This monoclonal targets ChIPAb+ Trimethyl-Histone H3 (Lys4)

View all literature mentions

Anti-acetyl BMAL1 (Lys538) (antibody)

RRID:AB_11212017

This polyclonal targets acetyl BMAL1 (Lys538)

View all literature mentions

Cry1 Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_10555376

This unknown targets Cry1

View all literature mentions

Clocklab (software resource)

RRID:SCR_014309

Point and click program used to quickly analyse circadian activity data using algorithms and embedded controls to make every graph interactive and useful for data analysis. The analysis program has been used for a variety of species including mice, hamsters, rats, sheep, Drosophila, and humans. This program has three separate applications: one for data collection, one for analysis, and a chamber control program.

View all literature mentions

PRISM (data analysis service)

RRID:SCR_005375

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on May 5,2022.Tool that predicts interactions between transcription factors and their regulated genes from binding motifs. Understanding vertebrate development requires unraveling the cis-regulatory architecture of gene regulation. PRISM provides accurate genome-wide computational predictions of transcription factor binding sites for the human and mouse genomes, and integrates the predictions with GREAT to provide functional biological context. Together, accurate computational binding site prediction and GREAT produce for each transcription factor: 1. putative binding sites, 2. putative target genes, 3. putative biological roles of the transcription factor, and 4. putative cis-regulatory elements through which the factor regulates each target in each functional role.

View all literature mentions

ImageJ (software resource)

RRID:SCR_003070

Open source Java based image processing software program designed for scientific multidimensional images. ImageJ has been transformed to ImageJ2 application to improve data engine to be sufficient to analyze modern datasets.

View all literature mentions

Picard (software toolkit)

RRID:SCR_006525

Java toolset for working with next generation sequencing data in the BAM format.

View all literature mentions

GATK (software resource)

RRID:SCR_001876

A software package to analyze next-generation resequencing data. The toolkit offers a wide variety of tools, with a primary focus on variant discovery and genotyping as well as strong emphasis on data quality assurance. Its robust architecture, powerful processing engine and high-performance computing features make it capable of taking on projects of any size. This software library makes writing efficient analysis tools using next-generation sequencing data very easy, and second it's a suite of tools for working with human medical resequencing projects such as 1000 Genomes and The Cancer Genome Atlas. These tools include things like a depth of coverage analyzers, a quality score recalibrator, a SNP/indel caller and a local realigner. (entry from Genetic Analysis Software)

View all literature mentions

SnpEff (software resource)

RRID:SCR_005191

Genetic variant annotation and effect prediction software toolbox that annotates and predicts effects of variants on genes (such as amino acid changes). By using standards, such as VCF, SnpEff makes it easy to integrate with other programs.

View all literature mentions

VCFtools (software resource)

RRID:SCR_001235

Software package for working with VCF files. Used to provide easily accessible methods for working with complex genetic variation data in the form of VCF files.Implements various utilities for processing Variant Call Format files, including validation, merging, comparing. Provides general Perl API.

View all literature mentions

Variant Effect Predictor (software resource)

RRID:SCR_007931

Data analysis service to predict the functional consequences of known and unknown variants.

View all literature mentions

HEK293T/17 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_1926

Cell line HEK293T/17 is a Transformed cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)

View all literature mentions

VCFtools (software resource)

RRID:SCR_001235

Software package for working with VCF files. Used to provide easily accessible methods for working with complex genetic variation data in the form of VCF files.Implements various utilities for processing Variant Call Format files, including validation, merging, comparing. Provides general Perl API.

View all literature mentions

SnpEff (software resource)

RRID:SCR_005191

Genetic variant annotation and effect prediction software toolbox that annotates and predicts effects of variants on genes (such as amino acid changes). By using standards, such as VCF, SnpEff makes it easy to integrate with other programs.

View all literature mentions

GATK (software resource)

RRID:SCR_001876

A software package to analyze next-generation resequencing data. The toolkit offers a wide variety of tools, with a primary focus on variant discovery and genotyping as well as strong emphasis on data quality assurance. Its robust architecture, powerful processing engine and high-performance computing features make it capable of taking on projects of any size. This software library makes writing efficient analysis tools using next-generation sequencing data very easy, and second it's a suite of tools for working with human medical resequencing projects such as 1000 Genomes and The Cancer Genome Atlas. These tools include things like a depth of coverage analyzers, a quality score recalibrator, a SNP/indel caller and a local realigner. (entry from Genetic Analysis Software)

View all literature mentions

Picard (software toolkit)

RRID:SCR_006525

Java toolset for working with next generation sequencing data in the BAM format.

View all literature mentions

ImageJ (software resource)

RRID:SCR_003070

Open source Java based image processing software program designed for scientific multidimensional images. ImageJ has been transformed to ImageJ2 application to improve data engine to be sufficient to analyze modern datasets.

View all literature mentions

PRISM (data analysis service)

RRID:SCR_005375

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on May 5,2022.Tool that predicts interactions between transcription factors and their regulated genes from binding motifs. Understanding vertebrate development requires unraveling the cis-regulatory architecture of gene regulation. PRISM provides accurate genome-wide computational predictions of transcription factor binding sites for the human and mouse genomes, and integrates the predictions with GREAT to provide functional biological context. Together, accurate computational binding site prediction and GREAT produce for each transcription factor: 1. putative binding sites, 2. putative target genes, 3. putative biological roles of the transcription factor, and 4. putative cis-regulatory elements through which the factor regulates each target in each functional role.

View all literature mentions

Clocklab (software resource)

RRID:SCR_014309

Point and click program used to quickly analyse circadian activity data using algorithms and embedded controls to make every graph interactive and useful for data analysis. The analysis program has been used for a variety of species including mice, hamsters, rats, sheep, Drosophila, and humans. This program has three separate applications: one for data collection, one for analysis, and a chamber control program.

View all literature mentions

ChIPAb+ Trimethyl-Histone H3 (Lys4) (antibody)

RRID:AB_11212770

This monoclonal targets ChIPAb+ Trimethyl-Histone H3 (Lys4)

View all literature mentions

Anti-acetyl BMAL1 (Lys538) (antibody)

RRID:AB_11212017

This polyclonal targets acetyl BMAL1 (Lys538)

View all literature mentions

Cry1 Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_10555376

This unknown targets Cry1

View all literature mentions