During non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, cortical neurons alternate between ON periods of firing and OFF periods of silence. This bi-stability, which is largely synchronous across neurons, is reflected in the EEG as slow waves. Slow-wave activity (SWA) increases with wake duration and declines homeostatically during sleep, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. One possibility is neuronal "fatigue": high, sustained firing in wake would force neurons to recover with more frequent and longer OFF periods during sleep. Another possibility is net synaptic potentiation during wake: stronger coupling among neurons would lead to greater synchrony and therefore higher SWA. Here, we obtained a comparable increase in sustained firing (6 h) in cortex by: (1) keeping mice awake by exposure to novel objects to promote plasticity and (2) optogenetically activating a local population of cortical neurons at wake-like levels during sleep. Sleep after extended wake led to increased SWA, higher synchrony, and more time spent OFF, with a positive correlation between SWA, synchrony, and OFF periods. Moreover, time spent OFF was correlated with cortical firing during prior wake. After local optogenetic stimulation, SWA and cortical synchrony decreased locally, time spent OFF did not change, and local SWA was not correlated with either measure. Moreover, laser-induced cortical firing was not correlated with time spent OFF afterward. Overall, these results suggest that high sustained firing per se may not be the primary determinant of SWA increases observed after extended wake.
Pubmed ID: 27927960 RIS Download
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This polyclonal targets Rabbit NeuN (polyclonal)
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View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets Rabbit NeuN (polyclonal)
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View all literature mentionsMulti paradigm numerical computing environment and fourth generation programming language developed by MathWorks. Allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other languages, including C, C++, Java, Fortran and Python. Used to explore and visualize ideas and collaborate across disciplines including signal and image processing, communications, control systems, and computational finance.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name B6.Cg-Tg(Camk2a-cre)T29-1Stl/J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsCommercial organization that provides products for basic and applied research in the neurophysiology, hearing, and speech sciences as well as for general data acquisition applications. It offers a complete line of modular DSP-based data acquisition and stimulus generation systems, ranging in complexity from a simple audio stimulator to a complete multichannel sensory and behavioral neurophysiology system for awake, behaving subjects.
View all literature mentionsCore facility to access a comprehensive range of resources and services for gene transfer research including vector production services for research, preclinical and clinical materials. Services include: * Adeno-associated Virus (AAV) Custom Production; * AAV In-Stock Aliquots: Reporters, Deisseroth, Boyden, Roth, Uchida, Shah; * Lentivirus Custom Production
View all literature mentionsCore facility to access a comprehensive range of resources and services for gene transfer research including vector production services for research, preclinical and clinical materials. Services include: * Adeno-associated Virus (AAV) Custom Production; * AAV In-Stock Aliquots: Reporters, Deisseroth, Boyden, Roth, Uchida, Shah; * Lentivirus Custom Production
View all literature mentionsCommercial organization that provides products for basic and applied research in the neurophysiology, hearing, and speech sciences as well as for general data acquisition applications. It offers a complete line of modular DSP-based data acquisition and stimulus generation systems, ranging in complexity from a simple audio stimulator to a complete multichannel sensory and behavioral neurophysiology system for awake, behaving subjects.
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets NORMAL GOAT SERUM (LYOPHILIZED)
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