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Transcription-coupled genetic instability marks acute lymphoblastic leukemia structural variation hotspots.

eLife | 2016

Progression of malignancy to overt disease requires multiple genetic hits. Activation-induced deaminase (AID) can drive lymphomagenesis by generating off-target DNA breaks at loci that harbor highly active enhancers and display convergent transcription. The first active transcriptional profiles from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients acquired here reveal striking similarity at structural variation (SV) sites. Specific transcriptional features, namely convergent transcription and Pol2 stalling, were detected at breakpoints. The overlap was most prominent at SV with recognition motifs for the recombination activating genes (RAG). We present signal feature analysis to detect vulnerable regions and quantified from human cells how convergent transcription contributes to R-loop generation and RNA polymerase stalling. Wide stalling regions were characterized by high DNAse hypersensitivity and unusually broad H3K4me3 signal. Based on 1382 pre-B-ALL patients, the ETV6-RUNX1 fusion positive patients had over ten-fold elevation in RAG1 while high expression of AID marked pre-B-ALL lacking common cytogenetic changes.

Pubmed ID: 27431763 RIS Download

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


FASTX-Toolkit (tool)

RRID:SCR_005534

Software tool as collection of command line tools for Short-Reads FASTA/FASTQ files preprocessing.

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European Molecular Biology Laboratory (tool)

RRID:SCR_004473

Intergovernmental organisation funded by public research money from its member states in Europe. Groups and laboratories perform basic research in molecular biology and molecular medicine, training for scientists, students and visitors. Provides development of services, new instruments and methods, data and technology in its member states.

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Entrez Gene (tool)

RRID:SCR_002473

Database for genomes that have been completely sequenced, have active research community to contribute gene-specific information, or that are scheduled for intense sequence analysis. Includes nomenclature, map location, gene products and their attributes, markers, phenotypes, and links to citations, sequences, variation details, maps, expression, homologs, protein domains and external databases. All entries follow NCBI's format for data collections. Content of Entrez Gene represents result of curation and automated integration of data from NCBI's Reference Sequence project (RefSeq), from collaborating model organism databases, and from many other databases available from NCBI. Records are assigned unique, stable and tracked integers as identifiers. Content is updated as new information becomes available.

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ChIP-seq (tool)

RRID:SCR_001237

Set of software modules for performing common ChIP-seq data analysis tasks across the whole genome, including positional correlation analysis, peak detection, and genome partitioning into signal-rich and signal-poor regions. The tools are designed to be simple, fast and highly modular. Each program carries out a well defined data processing procedure that can potentially fit into a pipeline framework. ChIP-Seq is also freely available on a Web interface.

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RefSeq (tool)

RRID:SCR_003496

Collection of curated, non-redundant genomic DNA, transcript RNA, and protein sequences produced by NCBI. Provides a reference for genome annotation, gene identification and characterization, mutation and polymorphism analysis, expression studies, and comparative analyses. Accessed through the Nucleotide and Protein databases.

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FindPeaks (tool)

RRID:SCR_010857

Software application that can be used for converting Eland, Maq (.map), BED or other files into WIG files and identifying areas of enrichment (ChIP-Seq analysis).

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NALM-6 (tool)

RRID:CVCL_0092

Cell line NALM-6 is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)

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GM12878 (tool)

RRID:CVCL_7526

Cell line GM12878 is a Transformed cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)

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RNA polymerase II CTD repeat YSPTSPS (phospho S5) antibody - ChIP Grade (antibody)

RRID:AB_449369

This polyclonal targets RNA polymerase II CTD repeat YSPTSPS (phospho S5) antibody - ChIP Grade

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POLR2AphosphoS2-human (antibody)

RRID:AB_304749

This polyclonal targets POLR2AphosphoS2

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QmRLFS-finder (software resource)

RRID:SCR_014584

A software which predicts R-loop Forming Sequences (RLFSs) in nucleic acid sequences based on the experimentally supported structural models of RLFSs. The tool identifies and visualizes RLFS coordinates from natural or artificial DNA or RNA input sequences and creates standard-compliant output files for later annotation and analysis.

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FastQC (software resource)

RRID:SCR_014583

Quality control software that perform checks on raw sequence data coming from high throughput sequencing pipelines. This software also provides a modular set of analyses which can give a quick impression of the quality of the data prior to further analysis.

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BEDTools (software resource)

RRID:SCR_006646

A powerful toolset for genome arithmetic allowing one to address common genomics tasks such as finding feature overlaps and computing coverage. Bedtools allows one to intersect, merge, count, complement, and shuffle genomic intervals from multiple files in widely-used genomic file formats such as BAM, BED, GFF/GTF, VCF. While each individual tool is designed to do a relatively simple task (e.g., intersect two interval files), quite sophisticated analyses can be conducted by combining multiple bedtools operations on the UNIX command line.

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Bowtie (software resource)

RRID:SCR_005476

Software ultrafast memory efficient tool for aligning sequencing reads. Bowtie is short read aligner.

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HOMER (software resource)

RRID:SCR_010881

Software tools for Motif Discovery and next-gen sequencing analysis. Used for analyzing ChIP-Seq, GRO-Seq, RNA-Seq, DNase-Seq, Hi-C and numerous other types of functional genomics sequencing data sets. Collection of command line programs for unix style operating systems written in Perl and C++.

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POLR2AphosphoS2-human (antibody)

RRID:AB_304749

This polyclonal targets POLR2AphosphoS2

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POLR2AphosphoS2-human (antibody)

RRID:AB_304749

This polyclonal targets POLR2AphosphoS2

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