Extended synaptotagmins (ESyts) are endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins composed of an N-terminal transmembrane region, a central SMP-domain, and five (ESyt1) or three C-terminal cytoplasmic C2-domains (ESyt2 and ESyt3). ESyts bind phospholipids in a Ca2+-dependent manner via their C2-domains, are localized to ER-plasma membrane contact sites, and may catalyze lipid exchange between the plasma membrane and the ER via their SMP-domains. However, the overall function of ESyts has remained enigmatic. Here, we generated triple constitutive and conditional knock-out mice that lack all three ESyt isoforms; in addition, we produced knock-in mice that express mutant ESyt1 or ESyt2 carrying inactivating substitutions in the Ca2+-binding sites of their C2A-domains. Strikingly, all ESyt mutant mice, even those lacking all ESyts, were apparently normal and survived and bred in a manner indistinguishable from control mice. ESyt mutant mice displayed no major changes in brain morphology or synaptic protein composition, and exhibited no large alterations in stress responses. Thus, in mice ESyts do not perform an essential role in basic cellular functions, suggesting that these highly conserved proteins may perform a specialized role that may manifest only during specific, as yet untested challenges.
Pubmed ID: 27348751 RIS Download
Publication data is provided by the National Library of Medicine ® and PubMed ®. Data is retrieved from PubMed ® on a weekly schedule. For terms and conditions see the National Library of Medicine Terms and Conditions.
An independent, nonprofit organization focused on mammalian genetics research to advance human health. Their mission is to discover the genetic basis for preventing, treating, and curing human disease, and to enable research for the global biomedical community. Jackson Laboratory breeds and manages colonies of mice as resources for other research institutions and laboratories, along with providing software and techniques. Jackson Lab also conducts genetic research and provides educational material for various educational levels.
View all literature mentionsSoftware tool for multi level analysis of applications optimized for ImageXpress instruments. High-content image analysis software featuring time lapse analysis. Used for 2D and 3D imaging.
View all literature mentionsCenter that produces knockout mice and carries out high-throughput phenotyping of each line in order to determine function of every gene in mouse genome. These mice will be preserved in repositories and made available to scientific community representing valuable resource for basic scientific research as well as generating new models for human diseases.
View all literature mentionsCell line HEK293T is a Transformed cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name C57BL/6J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets β-Actin
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets beta-Tubulin III antibody produced in rabbit
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets HSP70/HSP72
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets HSPA5
View all literature mentionsMulti paradigm numerical computing environment and fourth generation programming language developed by MathWorks. Allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other languages, including C, C++, Java, Fortran and Python. Used to explore and visualize ideas and collaborate across disciplines including signal and image processing, communications, control systems, and computational finance.
View all literature mentionsMicroscope imaging software suite used with Nikon products. NIS-Elements includes software applications for advanced and standard research, documentation, confocal microscopy, and high-content analysis.
View all literature mentionsTHIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on September 28,2023. Software application which can analyze basic Western blot data and export them for use in spreadsheet programs. Users can create standardized or custom lab reports and can share them with colleagues. Image Studio Lite has been discontinued and replaced with Empiria Studio Software.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name B6.C-Tg(CMV-cre)1Cgn/J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name B6.Cg-Tg(ACTFLPe)9205Dym/J from IMSR.
View all literature mentions