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TBR1 regulates autism risk genes in the developing neocortex.

Genome research | 2016

Exome sequencing studies have identified multiple genes harboring de novo loss-of-function (LoF) variants in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), including TBR1, a master regulator of cortical development. We performed ChIP-seq for TBR1 during mouse cortical neurogenesis and show that TBR1-bound regions are enriched adjacent to ASD genes. ASD genes were also enriched among genes that are differentially expressed in Tbr1 knockouts, which together with the ChIP-seq data, suggests direct transcriptional regulation. Of the nine ASD genes examined, seven were misexpressed in the cortices of Tbr1 knockout mice, including six with increased expression in the deep cortical layers. ASD genes with adjacent cortical TBR1 ChIP-seq peaks also showed unusually low levels of LoF mutations in a reference human population and among Icelanders. We then leveraged TBR1 binding to identify an appealing subset of candidate ASD genes. Our findings highlight a TBR1-regulated network of ASD genes in the developing neocortex that are relatively intolerant to LoF mutations, indicating that these genes may play critical roles in normal cortical development.

Pubmed ID: 27325115 RIS Download

Associated grants

  • Agency: NIMH NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 MH094589
  • Agency: NINDS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 NS034661
  • Agency: NIMH NIH HHS, United States
    Id: U01 MH105949
  • Agency: NIMH NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 MH051864
  • Agency: NIMH NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R37 MH051864
  • Agency: NIMH NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R37 MH049428

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


ChIP-seq (tool)

RRID:SCR_001237

Set of software modules for performing common ChIP-seq data analysis tasks across the whole genome, including positional correlation analysis, peak detection, and genome partitioning into signal-rich and signal-poor regions. The tools are designed to be simple, fast and highly modular. Each program carries out a well defined data processing procedure that can potentially fit into a pipeline framework. ChIP-Seq is also freely available on a Web interface.

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ExAc (tool)

RRID:SCR_004068

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on January 9, 2023. An aggregated data platform for genome sequencing data created by a coalition of investigators seeking to aggregate and harmonize exome sequencing data from a variety of large-scale sequencing projects, and to make summary data available for the wider scientific community. The data set provided on this website spans 61,486 unrelated individuals sequenced as part of various disease-specific and population genetic studies. They have removed individuals affected by severe pediatric disease, so this data set should serve as a useful reference set of allele frequencies for severe disease studies. All of the raw data from these projects have been reprocessed through the same pipeline, and jointly variant-called to increase consistency across projects. They ask that you not publish global (genome-wide) analyses of these data until after the ExAC flagship paper has been published, estimated to be in early 2015. If you''re uncertain which category your analyses fall into, please email them. The aggregation and release of summary data from the exomes collected by the Exome Aggregation Consortium has been approved by the Partners IRB (protocol 2013P001477, Genomic approaches to gene discovery in rare neuromuscular diseases).

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VARIANT (tool)

RRID:SCR_005194

Analysis tool that can report the functional properties of any variant in all the human, mouse or rat genes (and soon new model organisms will be added) and the corresponding neighborhoods. Also other non-coding extra-genic regions, such as miRNAs are included in the analysis. It not only reports the obvious functional effects in the coding regions but also analyzes noncoding SNVs situated both within the gene and in the neighborhood that could affect different regulatory motifs, splicing signals, and other structural elements. These include: Jaspar regulatory motifs, miRNA targets, splice sites, exonic splicing silencers, calculations of selective pressures on the particular polymorphic positions, etc. Software analysis pipelines used in the analysis of NGS data are highly modular, heterogeneous, and rapidly evolving. VARIANT can easily be incorporated into a NGS resequencing pipeline either as a CLI or invoked a webservice. It inputs data directly from the most widely used programs for SNV detection.

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phantompeakqualtools (tool)

RRID:SCR_005331

Software package that computes quick but highly informative enrichment and quality measures for ChIP-seq/DNase-seq/FAIRE-seq/MNase-seq data. It can also be used to obtain robust estimates of the predominant fragment length or characteristic tag shift values in these assays.

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GREAT: Genomic Regions Enrichment of Annotations Tool (tool)

RRID:SCR_005807

Data analysis service that predicts functions of cis-regulatory regions identified by localized measurements of DNA binding events across an entire genome. Whereas previous methods took into account only binding proximal to genes, GREAT is able to properly incorporate distal binding sites and control for false positives using a binomial test over the input genomic regions. GREAT incorporates annotations from 20 ontologies and is available as a web application. The utility of GREAT extends to data generated for transcription-associated factors, open chromatin, localized epigenomic markers and similar functional data sets, and comparative genomics sets. Platform: Online tool

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BLAT (tool)

RRID:SCR_011919

Software designed to quickly find sequences of 95% and greater similarity of length 25 bases or more.

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MACS (tool)

RRID:SCR_013291

Software Python package for identifying transcript factor binding sites. Used to evaluate significance of enriched ChIP regions. Improves spatial resolution of binding sites through combining information of both sequencing tag position and orientation. Can be used for ChIP-Seq data alone, or with control sample with increase of specificity.

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TBR1 antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2200219

This polyclonal targets Tbr1

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Tbr1tm1Jlr/Tbr1tm1Jlr (organism)

RRID:MGI:3040613

Allele Detail: Targeted This is a legacy resource.

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TBR1 antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2200219

This polyclonal targets Tbr1

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