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PRP4 encodes the only kinase among the spliceosome components. Although it is an essential gene in the fission yeast and other eukaryotic organisms, the Fgprp4 mutant was viable in the wheat scab fungus Fusarium graminearum. Deletion of FgPRP4 did not block intron splicing but affected intron splicing efficiency in over 60% of the F. graminearum genes. The Fgprp4 mutant had severe growth defects and produced spontaneous suppressors that were recovered in growth rate. Suppressor mutations were identified in the PRP6, PRP31, BRR2, and PRP8 orthologs in nine suppressor strains by sequencing analysis with candidate tri-snRNP component genes. The Q86K mutation in FgMSL1 was identified by whole genome sequencing in suppressor mutant S3. Whereas two of the suppressor mutations in FgBrr2 and FgPrp8 were similar to those characterized in their orthologs in yeasts, suppressor mutations in Prp6 and Prp31 orthologs or FgMSL1 have not been reported. Interestingly, four and two suppressor mutations identified in FgPrp6 and FgPrp31, respectively, all are near the conserved Prp4-phosphorylation sites, suggesting that these mutations may have similar effects with phosphorylation by Prp4 kinase. In FgPrp31, the non-sense mutation at R464 resulted in the truncation of the C-terminal 130 aa region that contains all the conserved Prp4-phosphorylation sites. Deletion analysis showed that the N-terminal 310-aa rich in SR residues plays a critical role in the localization and functions of FgPrp4. We also conducted phosphoproteomics analysis with FgPrp4 and identified S289 as the phosphorylation site that is essential for its functions. These results indicated that FgPrp4 is critical for splicing efficiency but not essential for intron splicing, and FgPrp4 may regulate pre-mRNA splicing by phosphorylation of other components of the tri-snRNP although itself may be activated by phosphorylation at S289.
Pubmed ID: 27058959 RIS Download
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The Fungal Genetics Stock Center is a resource available to the Fungal Genetics research community and to educational and research organizations in general. While some fungi can cause disease in humans, most people have innate immunity against fungi. Some people with diseases of the immune system are at increased risk of infection by fungi. Drugs have been developed in the last 5 years that help with this. Fungal Genetics is the study of genes and genetic traits in fungi. In the past this has been important in the elucidation of what a gene is, what the genetic material is, how genes relate to enzymes, how enzymes relate to traits and how important traits change or evolve. In the present, Fungal Genetics is important to understanding how fungi are pathogens of plants and animals, how fungi can be used in industry for the production of enzymes, chemicals, food, and drugs. Fungi are also essential to processing bio-mass in the attempt to use ethanol as a fuel source. The FGSC is funded largely by a grant from the National Science Foundation (Award Number 0235887) of the United States of America. Sponsors: Supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation.
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