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The Xenopus ORFeome: A resource that enables functional genomics.

Developmental biology | 2015

Functional characterisation of proteins and large-scale, systems-level studies are enabled by extensive sets of cloned open reading frames (ORFs) in an easily-accessible format that enables many different applications. Here we report the release of the first stage of the Xenopus ORFeome, which contains 8673 ORFs from the Xenopus Gene Collection (XGC) for Xenopus laevis, cloned into a Gateway® donor vector enabling rapid in-frame transfer of the ORFs to expression vectors. This resource represents an estimated 7871 unique genes, approximately 40% of the non-redundant X. laevis gene complement, and includes 2724 genes where the human ortholog has an association with disease. Transfer into the Gateway system was validated by 5' and 3' end sequencing of the entire collection and protein expression of a set of test clones. In a parallel process, the underlying ORF predictions from the original XGC collection were re-analysed to verify quality and full-length status, identifying those proteins likely to exhibit truncations when translated. These data are integrated into Xenbase, the Xenopus community database, which associates genomic, expression, function and human disease model metadata to each ORF, enabling end-users to search for ORFeome clones with links to commercial distributors of the collection. When coupled with the experimental advantages of Xenopus eggs and embryos, the ORFeome collection represents a valuable resource for functional genomics and disease modelling.

Pubmed ID: 26391338 RIS Download

Research resources used in this publication

None found

Antibodies used in this publication

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Associated grants

  • Agency: NICHD NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 HD069352
  • Agency: NICHD NIH HHS, United States
    Id: P41 HD064556
  • Agency: Medical Research Council, United Kingdom
  • Agency: Cancer Research UK, United Kingdom
  • Agency: NICHD NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01HD069352
  • Agency: Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom
  • Agency: NIH HHS, United States
    Id: P40 OD010997
  • Agency: NCI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: T32 CA009109

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


Addgene (tool)

RRID:SCR_002037

Non-profit plasmid repository dedicated to helping scientists around the world share high-quality plasmids. Facilitates archiving and distributing DNA-based research reagents and associated data to scientists worldwide. Repository contains over 65,000 plasmids, including special collections on CRISPR, fluorescent proteins, and ready-to-use viral preparations. There is no cost for scientists to deposit plasmids, which saves time and money associated with shipping plasmids themselves. All plasmids are fully sequenced for validation and sequencing data is openly available. We handle the appropriate Material Transfer Agreements (MTA) with institutions, facilitating open exchange and offering intellectual property and liability protection for depositing scientists. Furthermore, we curate free educational resources for the scientific community including a blog, eBooks, video protocols, and detailed molecular biology resources.

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OMIM (tool)

RRID:SCR_006437

Online catalog of human genes and genetic disorders, for clinical features, phenotypes and genes. Collection of human genes and genetic phenotypes, focusing on relationship between phenotype and genotype. Referenced overviews in OMIM contain information on all known mendelian disorders and variety of related genes. It is updated daily, and entries contain copious links to other genetics resources.

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Xenopus Gene Collection (tool)

RRID:SCR_007023

NIH initiative to support production of cDNA libraries, clones and 5'/3' sequences and to provide set of full-length (open reading frame) sequences and cDNA clones of expressed genes for Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis. Clones distribution is outsourced to for profit companies. Project concluded in September 2008. Resources generated by XGC are publicly accessible to biomedical research community. All sequences are deposited into GenBank.Corresponding clones are available through IMAGE clone distribution network. With conclusion of XGC project, GenBank records of XGC sequences will be frozen, without further updates. Since knowledge of what constitutes full-length coding region for some of genes and transcripts for which we have XGC clones will likely change in future, users planning to order XGC clones will need to monitor for these changes. Users can make use of genome browsers and gene-specific databases, such as UCSC Genome browser, NCBI's Map Viewer, and Entrez Gene, to view relevant regions of genome (browsers) or gene-related information (Entrez Gene).

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European Xenopus Resource Center (tool)

RRID:SCR_007164

Supports researchers using Xenopus models. Researchers are encouraged to deposit Xenopus transgenic and mutant lines, Xenopus in situ hybridization probes, Xenopus specific antibodies and Xenopus expression clones with the Centre. EXRC staff perform quality assurance testing on these reagents and then make them available to researchers at cost. Supplies wild-type Xenopus, embryos, oocytes and Xenopus tropicalis fosmids.

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BLASTX (tool)

RRID:SCR_001653

Web application to search protein databases using a translated nucleotide query. Translated BLAST services are useful when trying to find homologous proteins to a nucleotide coding region. Blastx compares translational products of the nucleotide query sequence to a protein database. Because blastx translates the query sequence in all six reading frames and provides combined significance statistics for hits to different frames, it is particularly useful when the reading frame of the query sequence is unknown or it contains errors that may lead to frame shifts or other coding errors. Thus blastx is often the first analysis performed with a newly determined nucleotide sequence and is used extensively in analyzing EST sequences. This search is more sensitive than nucleotide blast since the comparison is performed at the protein level.

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National Xenopus Resource (tool)

RRID:SCR_013731

National stock center for X. laevis and X. tropicalis and training center for advanced technologies (e.g. husbandry, cell biology, imaging, genetics, transgenesis, genomics).

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