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Application of a hierarchical enzyme classification method reveals the role of gut microbiome in human metabolism.

BMC genomics | 2015

Enzymes are known as the molecular machines that drive the metabolism of an organism; hence identification of the full enzyme complement of an organism is essential to build the metabolic blueprint of that species as well as to understand the interplay of multiple species in an ecosystem. Experimental characterization of the enzymatic reactions of all enzymes in a genome is a tedious and expensive task. The problem is more pronounced in the metagenomic samples where even the species are not adequately cultured or characterized. Enzymes encoded by the gut microbiota play an essential role in the host metabolism; thus, warranting the need to accurately identify and annotate the full enzyme complements of species in the genomic and metagenomic projects. To fulfill this need, we develop and apply a method called ECemble, an ensemble approach to identify enzymes and enzyme classes and study the human gut metabolic pathways.

Pubmed ID: 26099921 RIS Download

Research resources used in this publication

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Associated grants

  • Agency: NIGMS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 GM086533
  • Agency: NIGMS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: 1R01GM086533-01A1

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


PlantCyc (tool)

RRID:SCR_002110

Multi species reference database. Comprehensive plant biochemical pathway database, containing curated information from literature and computational analyses about genes, enzymes, compounds, reactions, and pathways involved in primary and secondary metabolism.

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ENZYME (tool)

RRID:SCR_002487

A repository of information relative to the nomenclature of enzymes. It is primarily based on the recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB) and it describes each type of characterized enzyme for which an EC (Enzyme Commission) number has been provided. These include * EC number * Recommended name * Alternative names (if any) * Catalytic activity * Cofactors (if any) * Pointers to the Swiss-Prot protein sequence entry(ies) that correspond to the enzyme (if any) * Pointers to human disease(s) associated with a deficiency of the enzyme (if any) We believe that the ENZYME database can be useful to anybody working with enzymes and that it can be of help in the development of computer programs involved with the manipulation of metabolic pathways. Available services include downloading ENZYME by FTP as well as report forms for a new ENZYME entry or for an error/update in an existing entry.

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KEGG (tool)

RRID:SCR_012773

Integrated database resource consisting of 16 main databases, broadly categorized into systems information, genomic information, and chemical information. In particular, gene catalogs in completely sequenced genomes are linked to higher-level systemic functions of cell, organism, and ecosystem. Analysis tools are also available. KEGG may be used as reference knowledge base for biological interpretation of large-scale datasets generated by sequencing and other high-throughput experimental technologies.

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PROSITE (tool)

RRID:SCR_003457

Database of protein families and domains that is based on the observation that, while there is a huge number of different proteins, most of them can be grouped, on the basis of similarities in their sequences, into a limited number of families. Proteins or protein domains belonging to a particular family generally share functional attributes and are derived from a common ancestor. It is complemented by ProRule, a collection of rules based on profiles and patterns, which increases the discriminatory power of profiles and patterns by providing additional information about functionally and/or structurally critical amino acids. ScanProsite finds matches of your protein sequences to PROSITE signatures. PROSITE currently contains patterns and profiles specific for more than a thousand protein families or domains. Each of these signatures comes with documentation providing background information on the structure and function of these proteins. The database is available via FTP.

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Pfam (tool)

RRID:SCR_004726

A database of protein families, each represented by multiple sequence alignments and hidden Markov models (HMMs). Users can analyze protein sequences for Pfam matches, view Pfam family annotation and alignments, see groups of related families, look at the domain organization of a protein sequence, find the domains on a PDB structure, and query Pfam by keywords. There are two components to Pfam: Pfam-A and Pfam-B. Pfam-A entries are high quality, manually curated families that may automatically generate a supplement using the ADDA database. These automatically generated entries are called Pfam-B. Although of lower quality, Pfam-B families can be useful for identifying functionally conserved regions when no Pfam-A entries are found. Pfam also generates higher-level groupings of related families, known as clans (collections of Pfam-A entries which are related by similarity of sequence, structure or profile-HMM).

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