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Publication

Temporal kinetics of macrophage polarization in the injured rat spinal cord.

Journal of neuroscience research | 2015

Local activated macrophages derived from infiltrating monocytes play an important role in the damage and repair process of spinal cord injury (SCI). The present study investigates the dynamic change of classically activated proinflammatory (M1) and alternatively activated anti-inflammatory (M2) cells in a rat model with contusive SCI by flow cytometry (FCM) and immunohistochemistry. The macrophage subsets were immunophenotyped by using antibodies against cluster of differentiation (CD)-68, C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7), CD163, and arginase 1 (Arg1). The CD68(+) CD163(-) and CD68(+) CCR7(+) cells were determined to be M1 subsets, whereas the CD68(+) CD163(+) and CD68(+) Arg1(+) cell subpopulations represented M2 cells. The subsets of macrophages in the injured spinal cord at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 28 days postinjury (dpi) were examined. In the sham-opened spinal cord, few M1 or M2 cells were found. After SCI, the phenotypes of both M1 and M2 cells were rapidly induced. However, M1 cells were detected and maintained at a high level for up to 28 dpi (the longest time evaluated in this study). In contrast, M2 cells were transiently detected at high levels before 7 dpi and returned to preinjury levels at 14 dpi. These results indicate that M1 cell response is rapidly induced and sustained, whereas M2 induction is transient after SCI in rat. Increasing the fraction of M2 cells and prolonging their residence time in the injured local microenvironment is a promising strategy for the repair of SCI.

Pubmed ID: 26096572 RIS Download

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.

MOUSE ANTI RAT CD68:FITC (antibody)

RRID:AB_322314

This monoclonal targets Rat CD68

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arginase I Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_11152664

This polyclonal targets arginase I

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Rhodamine (TRITC)-AffiniPure Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) (min X Hu,Ms,Rat Sr Prot) (antibody)

RRID:AB_2337932

This unknown targets Rabbit IgG (H+L)

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MOUSE ANTI RAT CD163:Alexa Fluor 647 (antibody)

RRID:AB_2074557

This monoclonal targets Rat CD163

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MOUSE ANTI RAT CD68 (antibody)

RRID:AB_566872

This monoclonal targets Rat CD68

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Fluorescein (FITC)-AffiniPure Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) (antibody)

RRID:AB_2338589

This unknown targets Mouse IgG (H+L)

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Anti-Rat CD86 (B7-2) PE 100 ug (antibody)

RRID:AB_465762

This monoclonal targets Rat CD86 (B7-2)

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CCR7 antibody [Y59] (antibody)

RRID:AB_726208

This monoclonal targets CCR7 antibody [Y59]

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ImageJ (software resource)

RRID:SCR_003070

Open source Java based image processing software program designed for scientific multidimensional images. ImageJ has been transformed to ImageJ2 application to improve data engine to be sufficient to analyze modern datasets.

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National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research: ImageJ Mosaic Plug-ins (data processing software)

RRID:SCR_001935

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on September 23,2022. 02111-1307, USA. Sponsors: ImageJ Mosaic Plug-Ins software presented here was produced at the National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research at San Diego, which is supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) through a National Center for Research Resources program grant P41 RR04050.

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