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Intermediate DNA methylation is a conserved signature of genome regulation.

Nature communications | 2015

The role of intermediate methylation states in DNA is unclear. Here, to comprehensively identify regions of intermediate methylation and their quantitative relationship with gene activity, we apply integrative and comparative epigenomics to 25 human primary cell and tissue samples. We report 18,452 intermediate methylation regions located near 36% of genes and enriched at enhancers, exons and DNase I hypersensitivity sites. Intermediate methylation regions average 57% methylation, are predominantly allele-independent and are conserved across individuals and between mouse and human, suggesting a conserved function. These regions have an intermediate level of active chromatin marks and their associated genes have intermediate transcriptional activity. Exonic intermediate methylation correlates with exon inclusion at a level between that of fully methylated and unmethylated exons, highlighting gene context-dependent functions. We conclude that intermediate DNA methylation is a conserved signature of gene regulation and exon usage.

Pubmed ID: 25691127 RIS Download

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Associated grants

  • Agency: NIEHS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: 5U01ES017154
  • Agency: NIEHS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: U01 ES017154
  • Agency: NHGRI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 HG004037
  • Agency: NHGRI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01HG007354
  • Agency: NHGRI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 HG007175
  • Agency: NCI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 CA169316
  • Agency: NHGRI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01HG007175
  • Agency: NCI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01CA169316
  • Agency: NIEHS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01ES024992
  • Agency: NIEHS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 ES024992
  • Agency: NIGMS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: T32 GM008568
  • Agency: NIDA NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R25 DA027995
  • Agency: NHGRI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 HG007354

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