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Impaired sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling is involved in the pathology of cortical formation found in neuropsychiatric disorders. However, its role in the specification of human cortical progenitors is not known. Here, we report that Shh is expressed in the human developing cortex at mid-gestation by radial glia cells (RGCs) and cortical neurons. We used RGC cultures, established from the dorsal (cortical) telencephalon of human brain at mid-gestation to study the effect of Shh signaling. Cortical RGCs in vitro maintained their regional characteristics, expressed components of Shh signaling, and differentiated into Nkx2.1, Lhx6, and calretinin-positive (CalR(+)) cells, potential cortical interneuron progenitors. Treatment with exogenous Shh increased the pool of Nkx2.1(+) progenitors, decreased Lhx6 expression, and suppressed the generation of CalR(+) cells. The blockade of endogenous Shh signaling increased the number of CalR(+) cells, but did not affect Nkx2.1 expression, implying the existence of parallel Shh-independent pathways for cortical Nkx2.1 regulation. These results support the idea that, during human brain development, Shh plays an important role in the specification of cortical progenitors. Since direct functional studies in humans are limited, the in vitro system that we established here could be of great interest for modeling the development of human cortical progenitors.
Pubmed ID: 25146370 RIS Download
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Public registry of antibodies with unique identifiers for commercial and non-commercial antibody reagents to give researchers a way to universally identify antibodies used in publications. The registry contains antibody product information organized according to genes, species, reagent types (antibodies, recombinant proteins, ELISA, siRNA, cDNA clones). Data is provided in many formats so that authors of biological papers, text mining tools and funding agencies can quickly and accurately identify the antibody reagents they and their colleagues used. The Antibody Registry allows any user to submit a new antibody or set of antibodies to the registry via a web form, or via a spreadsheet upload.
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