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The axon initial segment (AIS) of differentiated neurons regulates action potential initiation and axon-dendritic polarity. The latter function depends on actin dynamics, but actin structure and functions at the AIS remain unclear. Using platinum replica electron microscopy (PREM), we have characterized the architecture of the AIS cytoskeleton in mature and developing hippocampal neurons. The AIS cytoskeleton assembly begins with bundling of microtubules and culminates in formation of a dense, fibrillar-globular coat over microtubule bundles. Immunogold PREM revealed that the coat contains a network of known AIS proteins, including ankyrin G, spectrin βIV, neurofascin, neuronal cell adhesion molecule, voltage-gated sodium channels, and actin filaments. Contrary to existing models, we find neither polarized actin arrays, nor dense actin meshworks in the AIS. Instead, the AIS contains two populations of sparse actin filaments: short, stable filaments and slightly longer dynamic filaments. We propose that stable actin filaments play a structural role for formation of the AIS diffusion barrier, whereas dynamic actin may promote AIS coat remodeling.
Pubmed ID: 24711503 RIS Download
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A contract research organization providing drug development and animal testing services. Under the name Covance Research Products Inc., based in Denver, Pennsylvania, the company also deals in the import, breeding and sale of laboratory animals. It breeds dogs, rabbits, guinea pigs, non-human primates, and pigs, and runs the largest non-human primate laboratory in Germany. (Wikipedia)
View all literature mentionsSoftware tool for automated microscope acquisition, device control, and image analysis. Used for integrating dissimilar fluorescent microscope hardware and peripherals into a single custom workstation, while providing all the tools needed to perform analysis of acquired images. Offers user friendly application modules for analysis such as cell signaling, cell counting, and protein expression.
View all literature mentionsBiomedical technology research center that develops new technologies for modeling cell biological processes. The technologies are integrated through Virtual Cell, a problem-solving environment built on a central database and disseminated as a Web application for the analysis, modeling and simulation of cell biological processes. NRCAM resides at the Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, CCAM, and provides a vast array of laboratory equipment that can be used for obtaining experimental data needed to create and enhance Virtual Cell models. Microscopy instrumentation includes three confocal laser scanning microscopes including UV excitation, nonlinear optical microscopy utilizing a titanium sapphire pulsed laser, confocal-based fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, wide-field imaging workstation with cooled CCD and rapid excitation filter wheel, and dual-wavelength spectrofluorometer. Access to the facilities and technical staff is open to all researchers.
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Pan-Neurofascin (extracellular)
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Pan-Neurofascin
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Ankyrin-G (Staining)
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