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Many Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cell Wall Protein Encoding Genes Are Coregulated by Mss11, but Cellular Adhesion Phenotypes Appear Only Flo Protein Dependent.

G3 (Bethesda, Md.) | 2012

The outer cell wall of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae serves as the interface with the surrounding environment and directly affects cell-cell and cell-surface interactions. Many of these interactions are facilitated by specific adhesins that belong to the Flo protein family. Flo mannoproteins have been implicated in phenotypes such as flocculation, substrate adhesion, biofilm formation, and pseudohyphal growth. Genetic data strongly suggest that individual Flo proteins are responsible for many specific cellular adhesion phenotypes. However, it remains unclear whether such phenotypes are determined solely by the nature of the expressed FLO genes or rather as the result of a combination of FLO gene expression and other cell wall properties and cell wall proteins. Mss11 has been shown to be a central element of FLO1 and FLO11 gene regulation and acts together with the cAMP-PKA-dependent transcription factor Flo8. Here we use genome-wide transcription analysis to identify genes that are directly or indirectly regulated by Mss11. Interestingly, many of these genes encode cell wall mannoproteins, in particular, members of the TIR and DAN families. To examine whether these genes play a role in the adhesion properties associated with Mss11 expression, we assessed deletion mutants of these genes in wild-type and flo11Δ genetic backgrounds. This analysis shows that only FLO genes, in particular FLO1/10/11, appear to significantly impact on such phenotypes. Thus adhesion-related phenotypes are primarily dependent on the balance of FLO gene expression.

Pubmed ID: 22384390 RIS Download

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SGD (tool)

RRID:SCR_004694

A curated database that provides comprehensive integrated biological information for Saccharomyces cerevisiae along with search and analysis tools to explore these data. SGD allows researchers to discover functional relationships between sequence and gene products in fungi and higher organisms. The SGD also maintains the S. cerevisiae Gene Name Registry, a complete list of all gene names used in S. cerevisiae which includes a set of general guidelines to gene naming. Protein Page provides basic protein information calculated from the predicted sequence and contains links to a variety of secondary structure and tertiary structure resources. Yeast Biochemical Pathways allows users to view and search for biochemical reactions and pathways that occur in S. cerevisiae as well as map expression data onto the biochemical pathways. Literature citations are provided where available.

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Affymetrix (tool)

RRID:SCR_010231

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on May 17,2023. Affymetrix is a partially commercial resource that provides DNA Analysis Arrays, Expression Analysis Arrays, Gene Regulation Analysis, and Microarrays. It also provides reagents and assays, instruments, software, and services for a fee. Information is provided for Rats, Humans, and Mice.Affymetrix is now Applied Biosystems, brand of DNA microarray products sold by Thermo Fisher Scientific that originated with an American biotechnology research and development and manufacturing company of the same name.

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LIMMA (tool)

RRID:SCR_010943

Software package for the analysis of gene expression microarray data, especially the use of linear models for analyzing designed experiments and the assessment of differential expression.

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Affymetrix (tool)

RRID:SCR_007817

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on May 17,2023. Affymetrix is a partially commercial resource that provides DNA Analysis Arrays, Expression Analysis Arrays, Gene Regulation Analysis, and Microarrays. It also provides reagents and assays, instruments, software, and services for a fee. Information is provided for Rats, Humans, and Mice.Affymetrix is now Applied Biosystems, brand of DNA microarray products sold by Thermo Fisher Scientific that originated with an American biotechnology research and development and manufacturing company of the same name.

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