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Retrogenes in rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica) exhibit correlated expression with their source genes.

Genome biology and evolution | 2011

Gene duplication occurs by either DNA- or RNA-based processes; the latter duplicates single genes via retroposition of messenger RNA. The expression of a retroposed gene copy (retrocopy) is expected to be uncorrelated with its source gene because upstream promoter regions are usually not part of the retroposition process. In contrast, DNA-based duplication often encompasses both the coding and the intergenic (promoter) regions; hence, expression is often correlated, at least initially, between DNA-based duplicates. In this study, we identified 150 retrocopies in rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp japonica), most of which represent ancient retroposition events. We measured their expression from high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data generated from seven tissues. At least 66% of the retrocopies were expressed but at lower levels than their source genes. However, the tissue specificity of retrogenes was similar to their source genes, and expression between retrocopies and source genes was correlated across tissues. The level of correlation was similar between RNA- and DNA-based duplicates, and they decreased over time at statistically indistinguishable rates. We extended these observations to previously identified retrocopies in Arabidopsis thaliana, suggesting they may be general features of the process of retention of plant retrogenes.

Pubmed ID: 22042334 RIS Download

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Associated grants

  • Agency: NCATS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: UL1 TR000001

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DDBJ Sequence Read Archive (tool)

RRID:SCR_001370

Archive database for output data generated by next-generation sequencing machines including Roche 454 GS System, Illumina Genome Analyzer, Applied Biosystems SOLiD System, and others. DRA is a member of the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC) and archiving the data in a close collaboration with NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) and EBI Sequence Read Archive (ERA). Please submit the trace data from conventional capillary sequencers to DDBJ Trace Archive.

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TAIR (tool)

RRID:SCR_004618

Database of genetic and molecular biology data for the model higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Data available includes the complete genome sequence along with gene structure, gene product information, metabolism, gene expression, DNA and seed stocks, genome maps, genetic and physical markers, publications, and information about the Arabidopsis research community. Gene product function data is updated every two weeks from the latest published research literature and community data submissions. Gene structures are updated 1-2 times per year using computational and manual methods as well as community submissions of new and updated genes. TAIR also provides extensive linkouts from data pages to other Arabidopsis resources. The data can be searched, viewed and analyzed. Datasets can also be downloaded. Pages on news, job postings, conference announcements, Arabidopsis lab protocols, and useful links are provided.

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RAP-DB (tool)

RRID:SCR_006610

Database that provides the genome sequence assembly of the International Rice Genome Sequencing Project (IRGSP), manually curated annotation of the sequence, and other genomics information that could be useful for comprehensive understanding of the rice biology. RAP-DB contains clone positions, structures and functions of genes validated by cDNAs, RNA genes detected by massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS) technology and sequence similarity, flanking sequences of mutant lines, transposable elements, etc. Other annotation data such as Gnomon can be displayed along with those of RAP for comparison.

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BLASTX (tool)

RRID:SCR_001653

Web application to search protein databases using a translated nucleotide query. Translated BLAST services are useful when trying to find homologous proteins to a nucleotide coding region. Blastx compares translational products of the nucleotide query sequence to a protein database. Because blastx translates the query sequence in all six reading frames and provides combined significance statistics for hits to different frames, it is particularly useful when the reading frame of the query sequence is unknown or it contains errors that may lead to frame shifts or other coding errors. Thus blastx is often the first analysis performed with a newly determined nucleotide sequence and is used extensively in analyzing EST sequences. This search is more sensitive than nucleotide blast since the comparison is performed at the protein level.

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FASTA (tool)

RRID:SCR_011819

Software package for DNA and protein sequence alignment to find regions of local or global similarity between Protein or DNA sequences, either by searching Protein or DNA databases, or by identifying local duplications within a sequence.

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