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U87MG is a commonly studied grade IV glioma cell line that has been analyzed in at least 1,700 publications over four decades. In order to comprehensively characterize the genome of this cell line and to serve as a model of broad cancer genome sequencing, we have generated greater than 30x genomic sequence coverage using a novel 50-base mate paired strategy with a 1.4kb mean insert library. A total of 1,014,984,286 mate-end and 120,691,623 single-end two-base encoded reads were generated from five slides. All data were aligned using a custom designed tool called BFAST, allowing optimal color space read alignment and accurate identification of DNA variants. The aligned sequence reads and mate-pair information identified 35 interchromosomal translocation events, 1,315 structural variations (>100 bp), 191,743 small (<21 bp) insertions and deletions (indels), and 2,384,470 single nucleotide variations (SNVs). Among these observations, the known homozygous mutation in PTEN was robustly identified, and genes involved in cell adhesion were overrepresented in the mutated gene list. Data were compared to 219,187 heterozygous single nucleotide polymorphisms assayed by Illumina 1M Duo genotyping array to assess accuracy: 93.83% of all SNPs were reliably detected at filtering thresholds that yield greater than 99.99% sequence accuracy. Protein coding sequences were disrupted predominantly in this cancer cell line due to small indels, large deletions, and translocations. In total, 512 genes were homozygously mutated, including 154 by SNVs, 178 by small indels, 145 by large microdeletions, and 35 by interchromosomal translocations to reveal a highly mutated cell line genome. Of the small homozygously mutated variants, 8 SNVs and 99 indels were novel events not present in dbSNP. These data demonstrate that routine generation of broad cancer genome sequence is possible outside of genome centers. The sequence analysis of U87MG provides an unparalleled level of mutational resolution compared to any cell line to date.
Pubmed ID: 20126413 RIS Download
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Collection of genome databases for vertebrates and other eukaryotic species with DNA and protein sequence search capabilities. Used to automatically annotate genome, integrate this annotation with other available biological data and make data publicly available via web. Ensembl tools include BLAST, BLAT, BioMart and the Variant Effect Predictor (VEP) for all supported species.
View all literature mentionsCollection of curated, non-redundant genomic DNA, transcript RNA, and protein sequences produced by NCBI. Provides a reference for genome annotation, gene identification and characterization, mutation and polymorphism analysis, expression studies, and comparative analyses. Accessed through the Nucleotide and Protein databases.
View all literature mentionsPortal to interactively visualize genomic data. Provides reference sequences and working draft assemblies for collection of genomes and access to ENCODE and Neanderthal projects. Includes collection of vertebrate and model organism assemblies and annotations, along with suite of tools for viewing, analyzing and downloading data.
View all literature mentionsThis database presents the entire DNA sequence of the first diploid genome sequence of a Han Chinese, a representative of Asian population. The genome, named as YH, represents the start of YanHuang Project, which aims to sequence 100 Chinese individuals in 3 years. It was assembled based on 3.3 billion reads (117.7Gbp raw data) generated by Illumina Genome Analyzer. In total of 102.9Gbp nucleotides were mapped onto the NCBI human reference genome (Build 36) by self-developed software SOAP (Short Oligonucleotide Alignment Program), and 3.07 million SNPs were identified. The personal genome data is illustrated in a MapView, which is powered by GBrowse. A new module was developed to browse large-scale short reads alignment. This module enabled users track detailed divergences between consensus and sequencing reads. In total of 53,643 HGMD recorders were used to screen YH SNPs to retrieve phenotype related information, to superficially explain the donor's genome. Blast service to align query sequences against YH genome consensus was also provided.
View all literature mentionsDatabase (anonymous FTP) resulting from a collaborative effort to identify a core set of human and mouse protein coding regions that are consistently annotated and of high quality. The long term goal is to support convergence towards a standard set of gene annotations. Collaborators are EBI, NCBI, UCSC, WTSI and the initial results are also available from the participants'''' genome browser Web sites. In addition, CCDS identifiers are indicated on the relevant NCBI RefSeq and Entrez Gene records and in Map Viewer displays of RNA (RefSeq) and Gene annotations on the reference assembly.
View all literature mentionsNIH initiative project to provide full-length open reading frame (FL-ORF) clones for human, mouse, and rat genes, cow. MGC cDNA clones were obtained by screening of cDNA libraries, by transcript-specific RT-PCR cloning, and by DNA synthesis of cDNA inserts. All MGC sequences are deposited in GenBank and clones can be purchased from distributors of IMAGE consortium. With conclusion of MGC project in March 2009, GenBank records of MGC sequences will be frozen, without further updates. Since definition of what constitutes full-length coding region for some of genes and transcripts for which they have MGC clones will likely change in future, users planning to order MGC clones will need to monitor for these changes. Users can make use of genome browsers and gene-specific databases, such as the UCSC Genome browser, NCBI's Map Viewer, and Entrez Gene, to view relevant regions of genome (browsers) or gene-related information (Entrez Gene).
View all literature mentionsCentral repository for high quality frequently updated manual annotation of vertebrate finished genome sequence. Human, mouse and zebrafish are in the process of being completely annotated, whereas for other species the annotation is only of specific genomic regions of particular biological interest. The majority of the annotation is from the HAVANA group at the Welcome Trust Sanger Institute. Users can BLAST, search for specific text, export, and download data. Genomes and details of the projects for each species are available through the homepages for human mouse and zebrafish. The website is built upon code from the EnsEMBL (http://www.ensembl.org) project. Some Ensembl features are not available in Vega. From the users point of view perhaps the most significant of these is MartView. However due to their inclusion in Ensembl, Vega human and mouse data can be queried using Ensembl MartView. Vega contains annotation of the human MHC region in eight haplotypes, and the LRC region in three haplotypes. Vega also contains annotation on the Insulin Dependent Diabetes (IDD) regions on non-reference assemblies for mouse.
View all literature mentionsFTP site to access Schizosaccharomyces pombe protein data.
View all literature mentionsSoftware for analysis of array CGH data: detection of breakpoints in genomic profiles and assignment of a status (gain, normal or loss) to each chromosomal regions identified.
View all literature mentionsTool used to design PCR primers from DNA sequence - often in high-throughput genomics applications. It does everything from mispriming libraries to sequence quality data to the generation of internal oligos.
View all literature mentionsCompany provides laboratories worldwide with analytical instruments and supplies, clinical and diagnostic testing services, consumables, applications and expertise in life sciences and applied chemical markets.
View all literature mentionsCell line U-87MG ATCC is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)
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