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Cone photoreceptor disorders form a clinical spectrum of diseases that include progressive cone dystrophy (CD) and complete and incomplete achromatopsia (ACHM). The underlying disease mechanisms of autosomal recessive (ar)CD are largely unknown. Our aim was to identify causative genes for these disorders by genome-wide homozygosity mapping. We investigated 75 ACHM, 97 arCD, and 20 early-onset arCD probands and excluded the involvement of known genes for ACHM and arCD. Subsequently, we performed high-resolution SNP analysis and identified large homozygous regions spanning the PDE6C gene in one sibling pair with early-onset arCD and one sibling pair with incomplete ACHM. The PDE6C gene encodes the cone alpha subunit of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) phosphodiesterase, which converts cGMP to 5'-GMP, and thereby plays an essential role in cone phototransduction. Sequence analysis of the coding region of PDE6C revealed homozygous missense mutations (p.R29W, p.Y323N) in both sibling pairs. Sequence analysis of 104 probands with arCD and 10 probands with ACHM revealed compound heterozygous PDE6C mutations in three complete ACHM patients from two families. One patient had a frameshift mutation and a splice defect; the other two had a splice defect and a missense variant (p.M455V). Cross-sectional retinal imaging via optical coherence tomography revealed a more pronounced absence of cone photoreceptors in patients with ACHM compared to patients with early-onset arCD. Our findings identify PDE6C as a gene for cone photoreceptor disorders and show that arCD and ACHM constitute genetically and clinically overlapping phenotypes.
Pubmed ID: 19615668 RIS Download
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Portal to interactively visualize genomic data. Provides reference sequences and working draft assemblies for collection of genomes and access to ENCODE and Neanderthal projects. Includes collection of vertebrate and model organism assemblies and annotations, along with suite of tools for viewing, analyzing and downloading data.
View all literature mentionsThe Society aims to foster discovery and characterization of genomic variations including population distribution and phenotypic associations. We promote collection, documentation and free distribution of genomic variation information and associated clinical variations and endeavor to foster the development of the necessary methodology and informatics. Mission Statement To enhance human health through identification and characterization of changes in the genome that lead to susceptibility to illness. To this end, to collate the genomic information necessary for molecular diagnosis, research on basic mechanisms and design of treatments of human ailments. Society Journal Human Mutation is the Society journal. Members will receive a reduced subscription to the journal if they choose to subscribe. Meetings The Society holds two scientific meetings per year. One as a satellite to either the HUGO (Human Genome Organization) annual meeting or the ESHG (European Society of Human Genetics) annual meeting and one meeting is a satellite to the ASHG (American Society of Human Genetics annual meeting. The meetings are a forum for scientists to exchange ideas and form collaborations. Prominent speakers in the field are invited as well as a call for abstracts at large. The meetings are designed to update and increase knowledge of human genome variation and generally attract a stimulating and interesting collection of abstracts in all fields of human genome variation making it an ideal forum to share information and results. Past themes include: copy number variation, pathogenic or not?, pharmacogenomics, new DNA sequencing technologies, and genotype to pheontype relationships. We invite members and non-members alike to attend these meetings. The Society holds the Annual General Meeting of the members after the scientific meeting that is a satellite of the ASHG. Exhibitor''s booths The Society usually takes out an Exhibitor''s booth at the American & European Societies of Human Genetics annual meetings and sometimes the HUGO HGM meeting. GUIDELINES & RECOMMENDATIONS Members of the Society have formulated Guidelines & Recommendations on a number of topics, but especially for nomenclature of gene variations and guidelines on variation databases.
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