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Mutations in the aristaless-related homeobox (ARX) gene are associated with multiple neurologic disorders in humans. Studies in mice indicate Arx plays a role in neuronal progenitor proliferation and development of the cerebral cortex, thalamus, hippocampus, striatum, and olfactory bulbs. Specific defects associated with Arx loss of function include abnormal interneuron migration and subtype differentiation. How disruptions in ARX result in human disease and how loss of Arx in mice results in these phenotypes remains poorly understood. To gain insight into the biological functions of Arx, we performed a genome-wide expression screen to identify transcriptional changes within the subpallium in the absence of Arx. We have identified 84 genes whose expression was dysregulated in the absence of Arx. This population was enriched in genes involved in cell migration, axonal guidance, neurogenesis, and regulation of transcription and includes genes implicated in autism, epilepsy, and mental retardation; all features recognized in patients with ARX mutations. Additionally, we found Arx directly repressed three of the identified transcription factors: Lmo1, Ebf3 and Shox2. To further understand how the identified genes are involved in neural development, we used gene set enrichment algorithms to compare the Arx gene regulatory network (GRN) to the Dlx1/2 GRN and interneuron transcriptome. These analyses identified a subset of genes in the Arx GRN that are shared with that of the Dlx1/2 GRN and that are enriched in the interneuron transcriptome. These data indicate Arx plays multiple roles in forebrain development, both dependent and independent of Dlx1/2, and thus provides further insights into the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pathology of mental retardation and epilepsy phenotypes resulting from ARX mutations.
Pubmed ID: 18799476 RIS Download
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Digital atlas of gene expression patterns in developing and adult mouse. Several reference atlases are also available through this site. Expression patterns are determined by non-radioactive in situ hybridization on serial tissue sections. Sections are available from several developmental ages: E10.5, E14.5 (whole embryos), E15.5, P7 and P56 (brains only). To retrieve expression patterns, search by gene name, site of expression, GenBank accession number or sequence homology. For viewing expression patterns, GenePaint.org features virtual microscope tool that enables zooming into images down to cellular resolution.
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View all literature mentionsSoftware repository for R packages related to analysis and comprehension of high throughput genomic data. Uses separate set of commands for installation of packages. Software project based on R programming language that provides tools for analysis and comprehension of high throughput genomic data.
View all literature mentionsSoftware package for interpreting gene expression data. Used for interpretation of a large-scale experiment by identifying pathways and processes.
View all literature mentionsA web-based system for the detection of over-represented conserved transcription factor binding sites and binding site combinations in sets of genes or sequences.
View all literature mentionsSoftware R package of functions and classes for the analysis of oligonucleotide arrays manufactured by Affymetrix. Used to process probe level data and for exploratory oligonucleotide array analysis.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name C57BL/6J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsCell line Neuro-2a is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Mus musculus
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