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Cataloguing gene expression during development of the genitourinary tract will increase our understanding not only of this process but also of congenital defects and disease affecting this organ system. We have developed a high-resolution ontology with which to describe the subcompartments of the developing murine genitourinary tract. This ontology incorporates what can be defined histologically and begins to encompass other structures and cell types already identified at the molecular level. The ontology is being used to annotate in situ hybridisation data generated as part of the Genitourinary Development Molecular Anatomy Project (GUDMAP), a publicly available data resource on gene and protein expression during genitourinary development. The GUDMAP ontology encompasses Theiler stage (TS) 17-27 of development as well as the sexually mature adult. It has been written as a partonomic, text-based, hierarchical ontology that, for the embryological stages, has been developed as a high-resolution expansion of the existing Edinburgh Mouse Atlas Project (EMAP) ontology. It also includes group terms for well-characterised structural and/or functional units comprising several sub-structures, such as the nephron and juxtaglomerular complex. Each term has been assigned a unique identification number. Synonyms have been used to improve the success of query searching and maintain wherever possible existing EMAP terms relating to this organ system. We describe here the principles and structure of the ontology and provide representative diagrammatic, histological, and whole mount and section RNA in situ hybridisation images to clarify the terms used within the ontology. Visual examples of how terms appear in different specimen types are also provided.
Pubmed ID: 17452023 RIS Download
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Project aggregates and provides experimental gene expression data from genito-urinary system. International consortium providing molecular atlas of gene expression for developing organs of GenitoUrinary (GU) tract. Mouse strains to facilitate developmental and functional studies within GU system. Experimental protocols and standard specifications. Tutorials describing GU organogenesis and primary data via database. Data are from large-scale in situ hybridization screens (wholemount and section) and microarray gene expression data of microdissected, laser-captured and FACS-sorted components of developing mouse genitourinary (GU) system.
View all literature mentionsThe Foundational Model Explorer (FME) is an internet based software application developed for viewing the content and organization of the Foundational Model of Anatomy Ontology (FMA). The initial purpose of the FME was to provide a simple and intuitive interface to the FMA for domain experts, in the field of anatomy, participating in the evaluation of the FMA. The FME also provides an easily available method of exploring the FMA to individuals or groups considering the adoption of the Foundational Model of Anatomy knowledge base. The FME display consists of two panes: a hierarchical tree may be opened up in the pane on the left side; if a class is selected in the hierarchical tree, the pane on the right side displays the information that has been entered in the FMA for that class. The information associated with a given class is organized in so-called slots. Each slot has a name (e.g., Definition, Parts) and some content, which is that particular slots value (e.g., the English definition and the names of parts of the selected class, respectively). For an explanation of the interactive features of the FME, see the Knowledge Navigation Section. For a guided tutorial check out the Conducted Tour. In the left pane, the default tree is a subclass hierarchy, based on the -is a- or -kind of- relationship; it is the instantiation of the Anatomy taxonomy (At) component in the high level scheme of the Foundational Model of Anatomy. Apart from the slots Preferred Name and Synonyms, other slots relate to the Anatomical Structural Abstraction (ASA) component in the FMAs high level scheme. Hierarchies based on various part-whole relationships can also be opened up in the left pane. Once a class has been highlighted in the subclass hierarchy, you can choose a relationship from a drop down list labeled Select navigation tree type. Some other transitive relationships (e.g., -branch of- and -tributary of-) are also available. The Search facility matches a search term to the preferred name, as well as to the Latin name, or synonym of an FMA class (if such exist). The tree is expanded to reveal the matching class and the information about this class is displayed. The wildcard * is allowed in the search term and will match to any sequence of characters. For example the search term h*d matches the class names Head and Hepatic cord (amongst others). The search function is not case sensitive. If more than one class name matches with the search term, a list of matching terms is presented for the user to choose between.
View all literature mentionsFor each developmental stage (using the staging system defined by Theiler), the Mouse Anatomical Dictionary organizes the terms hierarchically from body region or system to tissue to tissue substructure. Modeling the anatomy hierarchically makes it possible to record expression results from assays with differing spatial resolution in a consistent and integrated manner. The Mouse Anatomical Dictionary Browser lets you navigate the extensive dictionary hierarchies for the different developmental stages, locate specific anatomical structures within those hierarchies, and see the expression results associated with those structures. Stages 1 through 26 (embryonic development) are being developed at the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland and the MRC Human Genetics Unit, Edinburgh, as part of The Mouse Atlas and 3D Graphical Gene Expression Database Project. Stage 28 (postnatal mouse) is being developed by the Gene Expression Database Project at The Jackson Laboratory.
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